Tracey Mustoe

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Max Roser

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Carina Joe

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William James

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Aris Katzourakis

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Professor José Villar

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Georgina Ferry interviews José Villar, Professor of Perinatal Medicine, 8 November 2022.

Topics discussed include (00:00:42) early interest in field, training as a gynaecologist and obstetrician, work in Central and Northern America particularly at Johns Hopkins, Human Reproduction Programme; (00:03:20) public health concerns around maternal health, the role of the WHO, rural areas of Africa and Southeast Asia; (00:05:52) multi-country studies relating to caesarean sections, randomised trials on the effects of maternal factors; (00:07:30) relocation to Oxford in 2006, work on maternal conditions affecting pregnancy, research to understand the risk factors, possible interventions and targeting of subgroups to reduce negative pregnancy outcomes; (00:12:00) standardisation of care, involvement of Oxford in efforts to change obstetric practices, evidence-based medicine and work of Iain Chalmers of the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit; (00:14:30) INTERGROWTH project; (00:26:52) first awareness of COVID-19, involvement of INTERGROWTH project, work with Stephen Kennedy and Aris Papageorgiou; (00:35:00) study design; (00:42:30) end of the study in October 2020, issues around funding; (00:49:00) risk to pregnant women from COVID-19; (00:52:00) delay of publication into findings, rejections from clinical medical journals; (00:57:10) press coverage generated after publication; (00:59:20) risk of no vaccination to pregnant women, evidenced by the study; (01:00:19) affect on public policy around the world, including the Center for Disease Control; (01:03:00) vaccination of pregnant women in the US, particularly health professionals; (01:05:00) risk to pregnant women by variants such as omicron; (01:08:00) impact of the pandemic on personal and working life; (01:12:10) personal threat from COVID-19; (01:15:00) changes in attitude or approach to work owing to the pandemic.

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Collecting COVID: Oral Histories

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Department: Bodleian Libraries

Date Added: 30/03/2023

Duration: 01:16:45

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Dr Adam Ritchie

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Georgina Ferry interviews Adam Ritchie, Senior Vaccine Programme Manager, 31 October 2022.

Topics discussed include (00:00:42) early interest in science, schooling in Australia, interest in palaeontology and evolution of viruses, University in Sydney and PhD, postdoctoral work at Oxford; (00:05:10) work at the John Radcliffe Hospital during postdoctoral work relating to projects on mad cow disease, malaria diagnostics, etc. and teaching of genetics and evolution on the human science programme, public policy teaching at the Blavatnik School; (00:09:25) work at the Jenner Institute with Sandy Douglas on rabies vaccines; (00:16:03) specifics of current role, work of Sandy Douglas and Carina Joe; (00:22:10) first awareness of COVID-19; (00:29:05) focus of the team, particularly relating to the large-scale vaccine manufacturing process; (00:34:30) meeting with Iona Tarbet in February 2020, collaboration with Pall facility and the physical transfer of cells to Portsmouth; (00:39:50) funding for the programme, award from the Nuffield Department of Medicine and discussions with government; (00:42:40) meeting at the Blavatnik School of Government in early March 2020; (00:43:55) the work of Sandy and Carina on the programme and the importance of their roles; (00:47:10) clinical trials, collaboration with Advent to manufacture thousands of doses; (00:50:10) doses of vaccine manufactured by Pall; (00:53:30) involvement of AstraZeneca; (00:56:15) reaction to the clinical trial results; (00:58:30) personal involvement in media and publicity; (01:03:06) subsequent work, including on rabies and Ebola, also work on intranasal vaccine, and BiPAD; (01:08:45) wider recognition of personal contribution; (01:13:10) collaboration with partners in industry, including work with Jon Humphreys of the Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre; (01:15:40) impact of the pandemic on work and personal life; (01:19:30) PTSD reaction within the team to Ebola work; (01:21:56) support for wellbeing and mental health; (01:23:45) potential for Ebola pandemic or global transmission; (01:27:30) concerns for the future and lessons learnt from the pandemic; (01:31:07) changes in approach or attitude to work.

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Collecting COVID: Oral Histories

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Department: Bodleian Libraries

Date Added: 30/03/2023

Duration: 01:32:56

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Professor Martin Landray

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Georgina Ferry interviews Sir Martin Landray, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, 27 October 2022.

Topics discussed include (00:00:19) early interest in medicine and medical school at University of Birmingham, interest in clinical pharmacology, clinical lectureship at Birmingham and attainment of PhD, interest in clinical trials, the work of Richard Peto and Rory Collins on randomised trial at Oxford; (00:15:29) The Heart Protection Study and work in the Clinical Trial Service Unit; (00:22:22) work designing clinical trials, including relating to lowering cholesterol in people with kidney disease and work with Louise Bowman; (00:25:30) changes to rules and regulations around modern clinical trials; (00:40:09) first awareness of COVID-19, early discussions of randomised clinical trial with Peter Horby and Jeremy Farrar; (00:48:45) selection of trial and particular drugs as part of RECOVERY; (00:50:33) use of steroids in infectious disease; (00:51:50) use of hydroxychloroquine in the trial; (00:57:20) recruitment of patients within hospitals; (00:58:40) ethics and regulatory approval, involvement of Chief Medical Officers and MHRA; (01:00:03) training of doctors, nurses and pharmacists; (01:01:01) NHS involvement in the trial compared to other health systems; (01:02:51) prescription of drugs for the trial, including work with the NHS and Roche; (01:06:11) reporting of the first results, including for Regeneron and dexamethasone; (01:11:09) COVID briefings at 10 Downing Street; (01:13:04) estimation of lives saved as a consequence of the trial; (01:16:54) contribution of the patients and medical staff taking part in the trial, the work of the trials team at Oxford; (01:19:10) retention of technical staff in academia; (01:21:46) changes to working life as a result of the pandemic, including remote working, personal response to the virus; (01:26:15) pressures during the trial and adverse responses; (01:27:10) practicing transparency throughout the trial and work with the media.

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Collecting COVID: Oral Histories

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Department: Bodleian Libraries

Date Added: 30/03/2023

Duration: 01:27:22

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Professor Richard Cornall

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Georgina Ferry interviews Richard Cornall, Head of the Nuffield Department of Medicine, 26 October 2022.

Topics discussed include (00:00:18) early interest in medicine, including medical school at Cambridge, further studies and work at Oxford, interest in immunology and work at Stanford as a researcher, clinical training at Oxford; (00:02:20) research relating to diabetes, interest in autoimmune diseases and immunology, work with Simon Davis relating to the creation of drugs to combat disease; (00:04:30) treatment for cancers using blockers for checkpoint receptors; (00:08:02) work as the Head of Nuffield Department of Medicine; (00:11:00) work of the department, particularly infectious disease and tropical medicine, including global research units; (00:14:52) division of the department, including global units and Oxford-based units; (00:15:30) devolution of the department, ability to take risks to support work; (00:19:01) first awareness of COVID-19, including collaboration with Peter Horby and ISARIC, first departmental COVID meeting on 30th January 2020, funding for vaccine work; (00:30:15) work on the vaccine, particularly relating to the manufacturing process; (00:32:00) work with Richard Liwicki, particularly relating to contractual obligations with AstraZeneca; (00:39:00) lighthouse laboratories and supply of equipment; (00:40:40) antibody response and sub-group, ELISA platform; (00:41:45) collaboration with Brian Marsden and Sarah Walker, relating to ONS survey using NHS samples; (00:43:16) work with Derrick Crook and Alex Mentzer; (00:44:09) collaboration with Gavin Screaton relating to cloning of antibodies; (00:45:00) work with David Stuart relating to spike protein; (00:45:50) partnership with Thermo Fisher Scientific, Mark Stevenson, and Daniel Ebner relating to serology platform work, particularly in automation and setting up robotic platforms, collaboration with David Eyre relating to statistical work and quality control; (00:55:40) serology work in Thailand, relating to other diseases; (00:56:39) work of Derrick Crook, Tim Peto and Miles Carroll, particularly in the field of microbiology; (00:59:26) supply of protein to different companies; (01:01:30) tracking and isolation, including the development of a contact tracing app by Christophe Fraser; (01:04:40) the RECOVERY trial and work of Peter Horby, Martin Landray and Richard Haynes; (01:07:16) routes of access to funding for the research; (01:10:40) work of the Cornall lab during COVID; (01:11:27) pathology, antiviral discovery and moonshot programme; (01:13:36) COMBAT study; (01:15:02) Pandemic Sciences Institute and pandemic preparedness; (01:18:03) momentum of collaborative work during the pandemic and projects for the future; (01:20:50) role of the University of Oxford during the pandemic and public perception; (01:23:38) media attention and public perception of individuals in the department; (01:26:50) changes to working day, including remote working and online meetings; (01:28:00) work of the professional services teams, on-site working in laboratories; (01:28:34) overseas units, including the work of Philip Bejon in Kenya on viral screening, Edwin Barasso[?] in Nairobi as principal advisor to the government, Indonesian unit and particularly the sequencing work undertaken by Kevin Baird, and work on clinical trials by Guy Thwaites in Vietnam; (01:30:13) observational studies by microbiologists Tim Peto and David Eyre; (01:30:52) departmental safety, including work with Miles Carroll on guidance, co-ordination with the Sir William Dunn School and William James; (01:32:46) changes to work and personal life throughout the pandemic, including working on wards at the John Radcliffe Hospital and cover of renal clinics; (01:35:15) changes in approach to work as a result of the pandemic, and hopes for future collaboration with U.K. scientific industry. Note: the following section of audio is redacted (00:34:36) to (00:36:33).

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Collecting COVID: Oral Histories

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Department: Bodleian Libraries

Date Added: 30/03/2023

Duration: 01:38:57

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Professor Marian Knight

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Georgina Ferry interviews Marian Knight, Professor of Maternal and Child Population Health, 13 October 2022.

Topics discussed include (00:00:30) early interest in science and medicine, PhD and DPhil and training in obstetrics; (00:01:28) research interests, including pre-eclampsia and prevention of baby deaths; (00:04:03) work in Oxford since studies and training, including work in public health; (00:05:10) Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and UK Obstetric Surveillance System; (00:08:10) complications in pregnancy; (00:09:51) data relating to infectious diseases such as flu and how disease affects pregnant women, including collection of data during swine flu pandemic in 2009; (00:12:18) increased vulnerability to flu during pregnancy; (00:13:32) first awareness of COVID-19; (00:15:58) 'hibernated' studies; (00:18:40) analysis of hospital data relating to pregnant women with COVID-19; (00:22:38) exclusion of pregnant women in treatment trials; (00:26:00) collaboration with other research teams at Oxford on COVID-19, including RECOVERY trial; (00:28:32) consequence of pregnant women not being included in vaccine trials; (00:30:22) misinformation and barriers to access to vaccines for pregnant women; (00:33:15) lack of prioritisation of pregnant women by those in advisory roles; (00:34:07) JCVI guidance, including moving pregnant women to the priority group for vaccine booster dose; (00:35:21) immunity of pregnant women during pregnancy and heightened risk from COVID-19 infection; (00:37:08) impact of the pandemic on the experience of pregnant women in society; (00:40:41) attendance of partners during births; (00:41:41) studies on women's experiences during the pandemic; (00:42:45) protocol for study relating to babies and mothers infected with COVID-19; (00:44:33) support within research community, particularly the pregnancy care community; (00:45:17) international collaboration; (00:47:04) personal advocacy for pregnant women; (00:48:00) impact of the pandemic on work, including high levels of work and changes in family and home life, personal threat from COVID-19, including volunteering for trials; (00:51:41) wellbeing and impact of work on supporting personal wellbeing; (00:52:27) support for the wider team; (00:53:59) university regulations with regards to remote working and later return to offices; (00:57:50) changes in approach to work in the future, including becoming more vocal on behalf of pregnant women; (00:59:20) potential for future change, particularly relating to pandemic preparedness.