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Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission

Series
To Immunity and Beyond
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A conversation with Philip Goulder about the recent article ‘Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission’.
In this episode of To Immunity and Beyond, we discuss a prospective study of 284 children from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, who were treated very early with antiretroviral therapy (ART) after mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Unexpectedly, female fetuses were more susceptible to in utero transmission, but of 5 children identified who maintained undetectable levels of HIV despite unscheduled ART interruption, all were males. Distinct viruses were transmitted to males and females - females but not males being susceptible to type I interferon-resistant, low fitness viruses. These findings indicate the central role that early life innate immune sex differences play in HIV cure/remission in children.

Full article: Bengu, N., Cromhout, G., Adland, E. et al. Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission. Nat Med 30, 2796–2804 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03105-4
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
To Immunity and Beyond
People
Philip Goulder
Paul Klenerman
Keywords
hiv
antiretroviral therapy
art
vertical hiv transmission
immune sex differences
HIV cure
Department: Oxford Immunology Network
Date Added: 27/11/2025
Duration: 00:37:25

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Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi

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Sarab Abu Rabia-Queder

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Intersecting Penalties: Reproducing Inequality Among Palestinian Middle-Class Women

Series
Israel Studies Seminar
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This study explores the mechanisms underlying the paradox of marginality experienced by middle-class Palestinian professional women in the Israeli labour market through an intersectional analysis of their everyday professional lives.
It demonstrates that this paradox—characterised by their marginalisation despite possessing high educational capital comparable to that of highly educated Jewish (both men and women) and Palestinian male professionals—is perpetuated through biopolitical modes of power. The findings reveal that when their professional capital intersects with other axes of power such as ethnicity/racism, gender, religious norms, and tribal affiliations, it fails to receive recognition or legitimacy from colleagues and clients, thereby reinforcing intersectional inequalities.

Professor Sarab Abu Rabia-Queder is an Associate Professor at the school of Education at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. In her studies, she focuses on the mechanisms of control, racialisation and marginalisation of minority groups in the fields of higher education, employment and the family. She has published many papers in journals such as Sociology, British Journal of Sociology and Current Sociology and the winner of several competitive grants and prizes, such as the Toronto Prize for Excellent Young Academic Scholars, Businesses for Peace, and has chosen as the sociologist of the month (July) for Current Sociology journal (2019). In May 2024, she received an honorary doctorate from Weizman Institute of Science for promoting epistemic justice for minority groups. Alongside her academic pursuits, Professor Abu-Rabia-Queder is also a feminist activist. She serves as a board member in several NGO’s and academic committees. Her main activity focuses on issues central to Palestinian women’s agenda such as access to education, combating polygamy, and improving employment opportunities.

Episode Information

Series
Israel Studies Seminar
People
Sarab Abu Rabia-Queder
Keywords
palestinian women
israeli labour market
Israel
middle class
Department: School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies (SIAS)
Date Added: 25/11/2025
Duration: 00:45:00

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Seeds in the Rubble: Cultural Vitality in the Arab World

Series
Middle East Centre
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This seminar was delivered at the Middle East Centre on Thursday 20 November by Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi, founder of the Barjeel Art Foundation, and was chaired by Professor Eugene Rogan, St Antony’s College.
This seminar was delivered at the Middle East Centre on Thursday 20 November by Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi and was chaired by Professor Eugene Rogan, St Antony’s College.

Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi is an Emirati columnist and researcher on social, political and cultural affairs in the Arab Gulf States. He is also the founder of the Barjeel Art Foundation, an independent initiative established in 2010 to contribute to the intellectual development of the art scene in the Arab region. He has taught 'Politics of Modern Middle Eastern Art' at New York University, Yale University, Georgetown University, Boston College, The American University of Paris, Brandeis University, Harvard Kennedy School, Columbia University and Bard College Berlin. In 2023, Sultan completed a Fellowship at Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and in 2024, Sultan was a Research Associate at SOAS Middle East Institute, London. Sultan is currently an Instructor at the American University of Sharjah.

The past century has been a time of great turmoil in much of the world. Europe, perhaps, bore the brunt of this turmoil, with millions killed and entire cities, such as Rotterdam, Dresden, and Warsaw largely reduced to rubble along with their museums, and cultural institutions. The Arab World has also suffered its share of conflicts, compounding the adverse impact of colonialism on everyday life and culture. Events such as the Nakba in Palestine, and conflicts such as the Lebanese Civil War and the 2003 American invasion of Iraq have left a string of structural and cultural devastation in addition to the toll on human life. However, the Arab World has also seen attempts to rebuild, both in lives and livelihoods, some more successful than others. These fragile steps forward can be derailed as conflicts arise such as in Gaza. Even in such dark cases there are some triumphs of humanity. This talk will attempt to shed light on these sparks of inspiration that reflect the vitality of the Arab World.

The presentation slides for this episode can be downloaded here: https://media.podcasts.ox.ac.uk/sant/middle_east_studies/2025-11-25-sant-mec-alqassemi-slides.pdf
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Middle East Centre
People
Sultan Sooud Al-Qassemi
Eugene Rogan
Keywords
art
culture
heritage
Arab world
middle east
Department: Middle East Centre
Date Added: 25/11/2025
Duration: 01:04:49

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Martin O'Brien

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After the End Episode 5: Time, Mortality, and the Immortal Jellyfish

Series
After the End
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In this episode of the podcast series After the End, Patricia Kingori, Miranda Lowe, Felix Flicker and Martin O'Brien come together for a discussion on time, mortality and immortality.
Sociologist Patricia Kingori brings together the ideas on time, mortality and immortality of museum curator and jellyfish fan Miranda Lowe, theoretical physicist Felix Flicker, and performance artist and zombie Martin O’Brien.

Episode Information

Series
After the End
People
Patricia Kingori
Miranda Lowe
Felix Flicker
Martin O'Brien
Keywords
time
endings
temporality
research
gobalhealthcrises
Performance Art
GlobalHealth
Department: Ethox Centre
Date Added: 24/11/2025
Duration: 00:18:11

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Priya Tah

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May Darwich

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Mustapha El Khalfi

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