FMR 52 - Energy solutions with both humanitarian and development pay-offs |
Energy services are essential to the most basic human needs. |
Owen Grafham, Glada Lahn, Johanna Lehne |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Uganda’s approach to refugee self-reliance |
Uganda has chosen inclusion over marginalisation; rather than coerce refugees into camps, Uganda upholds their rights to work, to attend school and to move freely. |
Kelly T Clements, Timothy Shoffner, Leah Zamore |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Limitations of development-oriented assistance in Uganda |
In camp-like settlements, the aid provided by aid agencies with a development orientation can do little more than improve livelihood conditions. |
Ulrike Krause |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMr 52 - Telling it like it is |
Oral histories provide a means to productively include forcibly displaced people in the work and practices of those looking for solutions for displacement crises. |
Tammi Sharpe, Elias Schneider |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Somalia-Yemen links: refugees and returnees |
Many of the hundreds of thousands of Somali refugees to whom Yemen offered prima facie refugee status over the decades are having to return as a result of the fighting in Yemen. |
Maimuna Mohamud |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - A role for market analysis |
Securing refugees’ access to work opportunities would help to ameliorate the problems associated with a primarily humanitarian response. |
Diana Essex, Jessica Therkelsen, Anna Wirth |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Family allowance extended to refugees in Brazil |
The Brazilian government has extended an allowance, which was created to assist poor Brazilian families, to refugees. |
Lilian Yamamoto |
12 July, 2016 |
|
HIP2015, Session: Humanitarian Innovation and The Military |
Parallel session: Humanitarian Innovation and the Military 18 July 2015, 11:00-12:30, 1st Panel Room. |
Nathaniel Raymond, James Ryan, Josiah Kaplan |
12 July, 2016 |
|
HIP2015, Session: Understanding Humanitarian Innovation In Resettlement Contexts |
Parallel session: Understanding Humanitarian Innovation in Resettlement Contexts, 18 July 2015, 11:0--12:30, 2nd Panel Room. |
Gavin Ackerly, Faith Nibbs, Carrie Perkins, Naohiko Omata |
12 July, 2016 |
|
HIP2015, Session: Facilitating Bottom-Up Innovation |
Parallel session: Facilitating Bottom-Up Innovation, 18 July 2015, 13:34-15:15, 2nd Panel Room |
Gavin Ackerly, Robert Hakiza, Avila Kilmurray, Olivia O’Sullivan |
12 July, 2016 |
|
HIP2015, Session: Ethics for Technology and Big Data in Humanitarian Innovation |
Parallel session: Ethics for Technology and Big Data in Humanitarian Innovation 17 July 2015, 14:00-15:30, 1st Panel Room. |
Nathaniel Raymond, Stefan Voigt, Josh Lyons, Anaïs Rességuier |
12 July, 2016 |
|
HIP2015, Session: Community-based Food Production in Humanitarian Contexts |
Parallel session: Community-based Food Production in Humanitarian Contexts 18 July 2015, 13:45-15:15. |
Mikey Tomkins |
12 July, 2016 |
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HIP2015, Session: Humanitarian Innovation: How to balance short-term results with long-term vision? |
Parallel session: Humanitarian Innovation: How to balance short-term results with long-term vision? 17 July 2015, 14:00-15:30. |
Marpe Tanaka, Kim Scriven, Pascal Daudin, Johan Karlsson |
12 July, 2016 |
|
FMr 52 - Transitional policies and durable solutions for displaced Kashmiri Pandits |
The continuation of the predicament of those who remain displaced from the Kashmir Valley since 1989 results from the unintended consequences of past policies. |
Sudha G Rajput |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Gendered limits to the returnee village programme in Burundi |
Gender and kinship intersect with a variety of other important factors in differential experiences of return. |
Yolanda Weima |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Naturalisation of Burundian refugees in Tanzania |
Tanzania’s offer of citizenship to some 200,000 refugees received international attention and support. |
Amelia Kuch |
11 July, 2016 |
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FMR 52 - Displacement and development solutions in Tanzania |
Tanzania’s refugee integration could serve as a blueprint for expanding the framework of durable solutions globally. |
Erol Kekic, Harrison Mseke |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Transitional solutions for the displaced in the Horn of Africa |
Refugees can contribute significantly to the economy of countries of refuge. |
Nassim Majidi, Saagarika Dadu-Brown |
11 July, 2016 |
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FMR 52 - Repatriation and solutions in stabilisation contexts |
So-called stabilisation contexts are risky for repatriation and therefore it is especially important to maintain the legal and practical difference between mandatory and voluntary repatriation. |
Giulio Morello |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Pathway to peaceful resolution in Myanmar's Rakhine State |
Loud nationalistic voices and powerful vested interests stand in the way of cooperation between the Rakhine and Muslim communities and solving displacement. |
Ronan Lee, Anthony Ware |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - Refugee-run organisations as partners in development |
Incorporating refugee-run organisations into development programmes. |
Evan Easton-Calabria |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 - A new approach to old problems: the Solutions Alliance |
Over the last three years, the Solutions Alliance has gradually emerged as a multi-stakeholder initiative to overcome the so-called humanitarian-development divide. |
Alexander Betts |
11 July, 2016 |
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FMR 52 General - What's going on in Nigeria? |
Huge numbers of people in Nigeria's north-east have been affected by poverty, environmental degradation and Boko Haram violence. |
Toby Lanzer |
11 July, 2016 |
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FMR 52 General - The weakness of resettlement safeguards in mining |
It is questionable whether current planning practices can safeguard against the risks associated with displacement and resettlement. |
John R Owen, Deanna Kemp |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Causes and consequences of Canada's resettlement of Syrian refugees |
By the end of February 2016, Canada had fulfilled its promise to resettle 25,000 Syrian refugees. |
Anne-Marie Bélanger McMurdo |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Assisted Voluntary Return: implications for women and children |
Assisted Voluntary Return programmes often send women and children back to places of insecurity and uncertainty. |
Monica Encinas |
11 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Psychosocial age assessments in the UK |
Poor age assessment procedures may have devastating consequences. |
Debbie Busler |
7 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Sweden's U-turn on asylum |
Sweden's recent turnaround on asylum was triggered by various factors, including insufficient domestic preparedness and the humanitarian failures of other EU countries. |
Bernd Parusel |
7 July, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Responding to LGBT forced migration in East Africa |
Following the passage of Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Act in December 2013, hundreds of LGBT individuals fled to Kenya seeking safety. |
Gitta Zomorodi |
7 July, 2016 |
|
'To have and have not': International migration, poverty and inequality in Algeria |
Mouhoub el Mouhoud considers the effects of emigration on poverty and inequality by drawing on an original survey conducted in Algeria |
Mouhoub el Mouhoud |
16 June, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - The legal status of Iraqi refugees in neighbouring countries |
There is little protection and assistance available for Iraqi refugees in neighbouring countries, especially as these countries are predominantly non-signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention. It is consequently hard for refugees to support themselves. |
Mohammad Abbas Mohsen |
16 June, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Imprisonment and deportation of Iraqi refugees in Lebanon |
A non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, Lebanon does not grant refugee status to Iraqis, many of whom end up spending long periods of time in detention. |
Qusay Tariq Al-Zubaidi |
16 June, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - Communication of information on the Thai-Burma border |
Communication of information has emerged as a particular concern for camp residents in Thailand since discussions about repatriation gained momentum in the past few years. |
Victoria Jack |
16 June, 2016 |
|
FMR 52 General - We have, I believe, won acceptance for the argument |
From a statement made to the United Nations General Assembly, 20 November 1967. |
Sadruddin Aga Khan |
15 June, 2016 |
|
The cultural tranmission of the fertility transition: Evidence from internal migrations in 19th century France |
Hillel Rapoport (Paris School of Economics) looks at theories of migrants' social remittances in a historical context relating to fertility in 19th century France |
Hillel Rapoport |
25 May, 2016 |
|
From coffee to industry: Changes in migrants' characteristics in metropolitan areas in Brazil |
Presenting his PhD research, Visiting Fellow Guilherme Ortega explores migrant characteristic in Campinas metropolitan area, Brazil |
Guilherme Ortega |
20 May, 2016 |
|
Emigration and the distribution of income per natural: Evidence from Egypt |
Joachim Jarreau investigates whether the benefits of migration actually reach the poorest households |
Joachim Jarreau |
9 May, 2016 |
|
Birthplace, bloodline and beyond: How 'Liberian citizenship' is currently constructed in Liberia and abroad |
Robtel Neajai Pailey interrogates how Liberian citizenship has been constructed across time and space |
Robtel Neajai Pailey |
29 April, 2016 |
|
Making sense of the EU-Turkey deal |
A panel discuss the deal between the EU and Turkey regarding immigration |
Cathryn Costello, Alexander Betts, Kalypso Nicolaidis, Guy S Goodwin-Gill, Tom Scott Smith, Franck Düvell, Jeff Crisp, Gakay Ozerium |
30 March, 2016 |
|
The micro-politics of mobility and immobility |
Jørgen Carling looks at the politics of the individual and the role of power relations in mobility and immobility |
Jørgen Carling |
18 March, 2016 |
|
Ethnicity, socialization, policy preferences or social structure? Disentangling and comparing the sources of migrants' political preferences across Europe |
Laura Morales compares the political party preferences of migrants across Europe |
Laura Morales |
9 March, 2016 |
|
Cross border migration as the transnational social question |
Thomas Faist shows how the 'transnational social question' relates to political conflicts around the inequalities connected to cross-border migration in immigration and emigration contexts |
Thomas Faist |
3 March, 2016 |
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When the diaspora takes charge: state making and diaspora return in Rwanda |
Simon Turner explores state and nation building in Rwanda since its 1994 genocide |
Simon Turner |
23 February, 2016 |
|
A multilevel citizenship puzzle: Residence and citizenship in national and local elections |
Rainer Baubock explores the citizenship puzzle - citizenship status and its relevance in contemporary democracies |
Rainer Bauböck |
15 February, 2016 |
|
Who is acting for what change? A relational approach to transnational engagements of Afghans in Britain and Germany |
This paper investigates why Afghans in the wider diaspora take action in certain ways. |
Carolin Fischer |
15 February, 2016 |
|
Migration through marriage: Analysing struggles around mobility and its control in the European border regime |
An ethnographic border regime analysis showing that the governing of migration remains an attempt to control rather than effecting a total control of movement, and that marriage becomes an important strategy for migrants' mobility |
Miriam Gutekunst |
9 February, 2016 |
|
Migration, politics and political change: Introduction to the seminar series and preliminary TRANSMIC findings |
Ali Chaudhary and Marieke van Houte introduce the seminar series on migration, politics and political change and their TRANSMIC project, examining the links between migration, citizenship, and migration and development |
Ali R Chaudhary, Marieke van Houte |
27 January, 2016 |
|
FMR 51 - From the Editors |
Europe is experiencing the mass movements of displaced people in a way that it has largely been immune from for decades. |
Marion Couldrey, Maurice Herson |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Foreword: Banking on mobility over a generation |
Europe need not renounce its freedom of movement: it should instead develop a better controlled mobility regime. It would then, in effect, much better control its borders. |
François Crépeau |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Migrants, refugees, history and precedents |
There is much about earlier migration crises that today’s European policymakers might profitably recall. |
Colin Bundy |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Refugee protection in Europe: time for a major overhaul? |
A number of myths surrounding refugee protection may obscure our understanding and complicate the search for solutions, but there are also clear and realistic possibilities for change in the EU’s body of law to enable better outcomes for states & refugees |
Maria Stavropoulou |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Simplifying refugee status determination |
There is a persuasive case to be made for simplifying refugee status determination in the European Union. |
Kelly Staples |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Arrivals on the island of Lesbos, summer 2015 |
Lesbos, population 85,000, received more than 85,000 refugees and migrants in 2015 up to the end of August. |
Fotini Rantsiou |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - It need not be like this |
Creating space for smugglers and failing to provide humanitarian assistance are European failures. Opening legal routes to Europe could deal with both. |
Cathryn Costello |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - The Mediterranean challenge within a world of humanitarian crises |
While the high number of migrants and refugees arriving in Europe in 2015 has increased pressures and tensions, this is not a crisis beyond the capability of Europe to manage together as a Union. |
William Lacy Swing |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - A network of camps on the way to Europe |
While makeshift camps, such as those that have proliferated around Europe, may form spaces of resourcefulness and agency which cannot be accommodated in state-run detention camps, none of these temporary spaces is a definitive solution. |
Irit Katz |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Trickery in Dublin’s shadow |
Border practices at the Italy-Austria border are part of a wider trend of questionable practices used by EU Member States which render irrelevant both the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulation. |
Marco Funk |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Abuses at Europe’s borders |
Refugees and migrants have been regularly subjected to widespread rights violations by officials at some European borders. The EU needs to allow more legal avenues for people seeking protection to reach Europe safely. |
Duncan Breen |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Melilla: mirage en route to Europe |
Among those who have reached Melilla, there seems to be no consensus as to whether they see themselves as being in transit in Europe or still in Africa. |
Frida Bjørneseth |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Search and rescue in the central Mediterranean |
Although people are aware of the risks of the sea crossing, nothing can really prepare them for the experience. |
Hernan del Valle, Rabia Ben Ali, Will Turner |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Safety, rescue at sea and legal access |
If it is to live up to its own values, the EU needs to step up search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean and open up legal means for access to protection in Europe in order to avoid the need for risky journeys across the Mediterranean. |
Stefan Kessler |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Migrant arrivals and deaths in the Mediterranean: what do the data really tell us? |
The policy and media gaze focuses on numbers of migrant arrivals and deaths. There are problems in the data for both categories. |
Frank Laczko, Ann Singleton, Tara Brian, Marzia Rango |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Irregular migration by sea |
Irregular migration by sea is not a solely Mediterranean phenomenon. |
N/A |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Afghan and Somali (post-)conflict migration to the EU |
There are invisible drivers of migration for Afghans and Somalis to Europe, caused by decades of conflict. Although officially considered as ‘post-conflict’, the reality is very different. |
Nassim Majidi |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Understanding why Eritreans go to Europe |
Why do Eritreans risk their lives on perilous journeys to Europe? Why they don’t stay in neighbouring countries where they could get safety and protection? |
Mogos O Brhane |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - No option but Europe |
Asylum seekers’ stories point to the need for effective protection for refugees and to facilitate greater opportunities to access it, both within Europe and beyond. |
Yotam Gidron, Olivia Bueno |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Iraqi refugee households in Jordan: the active search for solutions |
For Iraqi refugees in Jordan the decision to leave for Europe is very much influenced by the experience of waiting in the region. |
Mirjam A Twigt |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Tragedy on the way to Europe: a perspective from Africa |
As Europe grapples with the challenges of responding to the arival of large numbers of migrants, it is vital to keep in mind that the people involved have not left their homes and countries for no reason. Many of them would rather have stayed at home. |
J O Moses Okello |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - EU cooperation with third countries: rethinking concepts and investments |
Despite ‘externalising’ its immigration agenda, the EU has largely failed to develop a coherent and effective overall strategy, to the detriment of migrants and would-be asylum seekers. |
Elizabeth Collett |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - The road more travelled? Onward movement of asylum seekers and refugees |
The phenomenon of onward movement creates formidable challenges for states, asylum seekers and refugees, and the international protection system as a whole. |
Madeline Garlick |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - European Union readmission agreements |
The use of readmission agreements has prompted a debate on their compliance with international law, in particular the provisions on protection for refugees and asylum seekers. |
Mehdi Rais |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - A coast-guard officer’s perspective: reinforcing migration through legal channels |
Given that we cannot always rescue refugees or economic migrants in danger at the EU’s maritime borders, efforts are needed to reinforce legal channels for migration to Europe and to prevent refugees and migrants being exploited by criminal networks. |
Kostas Karagatsos |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - The extra-territorial processing of asylum claims |
Calls for the creation of asylum processing centres outside the EU are being renewed. But significant objections and obstacles remain. |
Sarah Léonard, Christian Kaunert |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Refugees in Serbia: on the way to a better life |
More than 450,000 people passed through Serbia from the beginning of 2015 until the middle of November. However, even in 2014 the numbers were large, and growing. |
Maša Vukčević, Jelena Momirović, Danka Purić |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Passing through Greece |
The eagerness of refugees and migrants to leave Greece and travel to other European countries is quite evident. |
Marco Mogiani |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Bulgaria’s struggle at the frontline |
Bulgaria has struggled to deal appropriately with mass irregular migration. It has also failed to address integration. |
Eleanor E Roberts |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Protecting asylum seekers in mixed flows: lessons from Bulgaria |
In the context of a large number of arrivals, states may introduce blanket measures aimed at preventing irregular migration. These, however, may curtail the rights of asylum seekers. |
Mariya Shisheva |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Envisioning a Common European Asylum System |
A bolder approach is needed if the European Union is to overcome fragmentation and manage refugee movements effectively and in accordance with international obligations. |
Volker Türk |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Are asylum and immigration really a European Union issue? |
Attempts to find an EU-wide solution to asylum may be preventing the finding of workable solutions at the bi-lateral or national level. |
Joanne van Selm |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Social protection: a fourth durable solution? |
Although asylum seekers and refugees in Europe and in Latin America are very different in terms of numbers, a solution being implemented by Brazil and Ecuador may show the European Union a way forward on sharing the responsibility within a regional bloc. |
Carolina Montenegro |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - In search of fairness in responsibility sharing |
The cycle of mutual mistrust between EU Member States that prevents solidarity can only be broken if responsibility is assessed fairly on the basis of objective indicators. |
Philippe De Bruycker, Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Volunteers and asylum seekers |
People in communities where asylum seekers and refugees have appeared offered various forms of support to the new arrivals as states failed to provide even the essentials. |
Serhat Karakayali, J Olaf Kleist |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - A welcoming policy in post-socialist East Germany |
Apparently, East European countries are less willing to accept refugees than other European countries. Their experience of ethnic and cultural diversity is weak and a genuine welcome has still to be developed. |
Anna Steigemann, Frank Eckardt, Franziska Werner |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Migration terminology matters |
Failure to employ correct terminology has consequences beyond semantics. More efforts are needed to educate people – especially those whose words are widely disseminated – in the correct use of migration-related terminology. |
Paola Pace, Kristi Severance |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Separated and unaccompanied children in the EU |
A growing body of EU law, policy and practical measures address the situation of separated and unaccompanied children who arrive in the EU. |
Rebecca O’Donnell, Jyothi Kanics |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Ukrainian asylum seekers and a Polish immigration paradox |
The recognition rate for Ukrainian asylum seekers in Poland remains at an extremely low level, with the concept of ‘internal flight alternative’ serving as the legal basis for rejection of many asylum applications. |
Marta Szczepanik, Ewelina Tylec |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Removing ‘non-removables’ |
EU law and policy on non-removable irregular immigrants – such as unsuccessful asylum seekers who cannot be returned to their country of origin – have political and humanitarian consequences. |
Katharine T Weatherhead |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Europe, don’t copy Australia |
Praise for Australia’s policy of turning away asylum seekers is misguided. |
Keeya-Lee Ayre |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Europe and the future of international refugee policy |
There is new thinking – that European leaders should embrace – on how to promote long-term responses to the Syrian refugee crisis that protect and uphold human dignity. |
El Hassan bin Talal |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Choice and preference in a matching market for refugees |
We propose a system that will at the same time give refugees choices and states control by ‘matching’ the preferences of each to the other’s. |
Will Jones, Alexander Teytelboym |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - Legal and practical issues raised by the movement of people across the Mediterranean |
States must deal with each other on a basis of equity and equality, rather than outmoded and unrealistic expectations of sovereign entitlement |
Guy S Goodwin-Gill |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 - From Syria to Brazil |
Precisely because of the difficulties Syrians face in entering the EU, Brazil has opened up to them. |
Marília Calegari, Rosana Baeninger |
19 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 General - Economic reintegration of returnees in Liberia |
Since the early 2000s, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization has been implementing economic recovery programmes for returnees in certain post-conflict countries. |
Naohiko Omata, Noriko Takahashi |
15 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 General - Thirty years of development-induced displacement in China |
To accelerate the process of poverty reduction in its poorer regions, China decided in 2001 to implement a national programme of displacement of populations living in areas considered environmentally fragile. |
François Dubé |
15 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 General - Refugee Status Determination in Albania |
There are some shortcomings in Albania’s RSD despite the country’s efforts to develop its procedures in line with international standards. |
Xymena Dyduch |
15 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 General - The face of refugees |
Personal contact with refugees helps us not only to see the people behind the need but also to better understand the obstacles they face. |
Jesus Quintanilla Osorio |
15 December, 2015 |
|
FMR 51 General - Challenges to the right to work in Ecuador |
The right to work is important for refugees and asylum seekers – to support themselves, to facilitate local integration and to contribute to the host society. However, they often face obstacles in accessing work in host societies... |
Adeline Sozanski, Karina Sarmiento, Carlos Reyes |
15 December, 2015 |
|
Transnational health insurances and the involvement of Congolese immigrants in their relatives' health from abroad |
Looking at the impact of financial remittances on immigrant relatives’ access to healthcare via community-based health insurances |
Jean-Michel Lafleur |
3 December, 2015 |
|
Hyper-mobile migrant workers and the lack of social protection within the European Union: a case study from the Netherlands |
Case study of hyper-mobile migrants employed on large-scale construction sites in the Netherlands, highlighting the ways these workers express their agency in dealing with a cross-border employment context in which social protection is difficult to access |
Lisa Berntsen |
26 November, 2015 |
|
Access to social protection for internal migrants and the obstacles to adequate coverage |
The main destinations of migrants are the mega cities and other urban areas, yet governments are ill-prepared to receive this large influx of people and internal migrants are exposed to a new set of risks and vulnerabilities. |
Jessica Hagen-Zanker |
19 November, 2015 |
|