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Repairing DNA damage

Series
Translational Medicine
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Dr Ross Chapman studies the molecular events triggered by DNA damage detection, and why defects in these events lead to immune deficiency and cancer in humans.
GENOME INTEGRITY

Whilst controlled DNA breaks allow for our vast repertoire of antibodies, DNA damage happening out of context can lead to cancer or predisposition to cancer. Recent developments in personalised medicine exploit the DNA repair weaknesses of cancer cells to selectively kill them. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms can help develop innovative and targeted therapies.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Ross Chapman
Keywords
DNA
cancer
immune deficiency
antibodies
personalised medicine
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:07:00

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Malaria in Kenya

Series
Translational Medicine
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There is a great need for better treatments for malaria and for a preventative malaria vaccine.
SPACIAL EPIDEMIOLOGY & VACCINES

Understanding the variation of malaria risk between houses, villages or region, and how malaria is transmitted in and around that variability helps develop better malaria control programmes and use their resources more wisely. Since malaria control tools are becoming less effective with time, progress in vaccine design is essential.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Philip Bejon
Keywords
malaria
malaria vaccines
Epidemiology
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:05:55

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Microbiology in the tropics

Series
Translational Medicine
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The Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit (COMRU) is based in Siem Reap, northern Cambodia, which remains one of the poorest countries in South East Asia with extremely limited health services.
PNEUMONIA IN CAMBODIA

Infectious diseases are prevalent in Cambodia, a country that is struggling with poor infrastructure. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the most severe form of pneumonia and is now targeted by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Dr Paul Turner is studying the effect of this vaccine in field conditions in SE Asia, as well as other direct applications such as the evaluation of a new diagnostic test for Typhoid and interventions to reduce the burden of infections acquired within hospitals.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Paul Turner
Keywords
microbiology
infectious diseases
streptococcus pneumoniae
typhoid
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:04:54

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Unravelling proteins

Series
Translational Medicine
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Dr Nicola Burgess-Brown heads the Biotechnology Group at the SGC, which generates proteins suitable for structural and functional studies.
Recombinant protein expression in host cells such as bacterial or insect cells facilitates the production of large amounts of proteins, which can be used for crystallisation to obtain the protein structure, or in cellular assays to look at their function. Collaborations with partners such as academics, industry and patient groups aim to find compounds that can be developed into potential drugs.

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Nicola Burgess-Brown
Keywords
proteins
biotechnology
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:06:27

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Targeting drug discovery

Series
Translational Medicine
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The development of new medicines is dependent on the identification of novel drug targets.
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY

In the search for new medicines for cancer or inflammatory disorders, small molecules are invaluable tools for testing the activity of possible target proteins. Those small chemical compounds can also affect the morphology and phenotype of cell samples collected from patients, opening the possibility to develop new therapeutics.

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Kilian Huber
Keywords
drug discovery
cancer
inflammatory disorder
proteins
molecules
compounds
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:03:59

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Microbiology research in SE Asia

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Translational Medicine
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Dr Direk Limmathurotsakul's research focuses on the epidemiology of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.
Melioidosis is endemic in at least 45 countries, but greatly under-reported. Up to 50% of cases seen in hospital die. Our researchers at MORU have produced a rapid diagnostic test that aims to improve both diagnosis and public awareness. Better coordination between researchers and policy makers is needed to face upcoming emerging infectious diseases.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Direk Limmathurotsakul
Keywords
melioidosis
Epidemiology
baterial infection
diagnosis
public awareness
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:06:23

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Tropical neonatology

Series
Translational Medicine
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Dr Claudia Turner heads the clinical research program at the Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit (COMRU), in collaboration with the Angkor Hospital for Children.
Whereas children mortality has dramatically decreased over the past 15 years, almost half the remaining mortality still occurs during the first 4 weeks of age. Neonatology, or care of newborns, doesn't need to be difficult or expensive. Low cost intervertions involving communities, such as keeping babies warm, save lives.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Claudia Turner
Keywords
clinical research
child mortality
neonatology
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:05:59

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Global health informatics

Series
Translational Medicine
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Dr Chris Paton studies the use of open-source Electronic Health Records (EHR) software, online learning and mobile technology to improve healthcare delivery in low-resource settings.
LEARNING HEALTH SYSTEM

In a learning health system, health care providers use electronic health records to identify problems, implement local solutions and check if the solutions are effective.

Health informatics, or the use of IT in healthcare, needs to find innovative solutions for low income settings, such as the use of open-source softwares and mobile technology. This approach has been used to deliver training to rural healthcare workers in Kenya.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Chris Paton
Keywords
open-source
online-learning
mobile technology
healthcare delivery
health informatics
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:05:05

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Dengue diagnosis and management

Series
Translational Medicine
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With 390 million infections occuring each year, dengue is the most important mosquito-borne viral infection, and no vaccine is currently available.
DENGUE

The majority of people infected with the dengue virus experience a flu-like febrile illness, but in a small proportion of patients, particularly children, the virus causes the blood vessels to become leaky which can induce shock and lead to death. Improved diagnosis and understanding of the disease process enable better outcomes for patients with severe dengue.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Bridget Wills
Keywords
Dengue
virus
diagnosis
mosquito
infectious diseases
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:07:43

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Understanding growth signals

Series
Translational Medicine
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Growth hormones and cytokines regulate the key physiological processes of growth and differentiation as well as responses to injury and infection.
FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA

Growth factors and signals are fundamental to many diseases. A single point mutation in the DNA coding for a bone morphogenetic protein is responsible for the development of FOP, a very debilitating disease where muscles are progressively turned into bones. Understanding these mechanisms allowed the selection of a drug, currently used to treat cancer, that may possibly be repurposed to treat FOP.

Episode Information

Series
Translational Medicine
People
Alex Bullock
Keywords
hormones
infection
DNA
proteins
growth signals
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine
Date Added: 28/04/2016
Duration: 00:06:53

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