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A Physicist’s View of the Emergence of Terrestrial Vertebrates

Series
Oxford Physics Public Lectures
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Physics Colloquium 7th November 2014. Delivered by Professor Steve Balbus, Savilian Professor of Astronomy, Head of Astrophysics, University of Oxford.
The very similar angular sizes of the Sun and Moon subtended at the Earth is generally portrayed as coincidental. In fact, close angular size agreement is a simple mathematical consequence of even roughly
comparable lunar and solar tidal amplitudes. I will argue that the latter was a biological imperative. Comparable tidal amplitudes, sharing close but distinct frequencies, leads to beats and strongly modulated forcing. This tidal pattern must be understood in thecontext of paleogeographic reconstructions of the Late Devonian period. As seen below, two great land masses were separated by a broad western opening to the Rheic Ocean, tapering to a very narrow, shallow-sea strait. A classic WKB wave analysis suggests that the combination of this geography and modulated tidal forces would have been conducive to forming a rich inland network of shallow and transient tidal pools at an epoch when tetrapods were evolving. I will discuss the fossil evidence showing that important transitional species lived in habitats strongly influenced by intermittent tides. When the waters became anoxic, perhaps from sustained inwash of organic debris, a mass extinction ensued. The tetrapods endured, however, and we are their legacy.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Physics Public Lectures
People
Steve Balbus
Keywords
evolution
vertebrates
Department: Department of Physics
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:51:07

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Systematic Reviews, the need for change

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
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The need to generate systematic reviews is relatively uncontroversial and until recently so were the methods of production.

The presentation will highlight a number of problems associated with the current system and propose a radical departure to ensure we meet Archie Cochrane's desire to see all RCTs included in critical summaries.

Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
People
Jon Brassey
Keywords
Evidence-Based Health Care
Systematic Reviews
CEBM
Department: Medical Sciences Division
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration:

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EBM - What it is, what it isn't, how might you contribute?

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
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Carl Heneghan is a Professor of Evidence-Based Medicine and a Primary Care Physician and has over 20 years experience of using evidence in practice for changing health care.

This talk will give you an understanding of how you might get involved in the modern era of EBM improvement and what you could do to support the application of evidence into practice.

Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
People
Carl Heneghan
Keywords
Primary Care
Evidence-Based Health Care
CEBM
EBM
Department: Medical Sciences Division
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration:

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Science and the Art of Inventiveness

Series
Oxford Physics Public Lectures
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Physics Colloquium 24th October 2014. Delivered by Professor Andrei Seryi, Director of the John Adams Institute.
Science has yielded a rich history of inventions, ones often inspired by Nature itself. Despite all this progress, we have always strived to find more efficient approaches to inventing. In fact, during the second half of the 20th century, the industrial world developed specific methodologies with which to promote inventiveness. Though powerful, these methods were rarely heard of outside of their field, let alone in the scientific community. The most advanced methodology, the so-called “theory of inventive problem solving”, has become, according to Forbes, the bedrock of innovations in such companies as Samsung. While the industrial inventiveness methods were originally created for engineering, their methodologies are universal and can also be applied to science. In this lecture we shall show how the theory of inventive problem solving can be used in various areas of science – from philology to accelerator physics – in order to create a powerful and eye-opening amalgam of science and inventiveness.
Prof Andrei Seryi’s forthcoming book, Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma, is due to be published by CRC Press / Taylor & Francis in 2015 (http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781482240580). This book will include detailed descriptions of the topic discussed in this colloquium – the theory of inventive problem solving in application to science and the method of Accelerating Science TRIZ (AS-TRIZ), and will use this method throughout the book in applications to accelerators, lasers and plasma. The book will be suitable for students of various levels between senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics who are interested in enhancing their ability to work successfully on the development of the next generation of facilities, devices, scientific instruments, arising from synergy of accelerators, laser, and plasma. This book could also attract anyone interested in scientific innovations.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Physics Public Lectures
People
Andrei Seryi
Keywords
Physics
particle accelerator
beam cooling
accelerator physics
science
innovations
inventions
inventiveness
theory of inventive problem solving
triz
accelerating science triz
Department: Department of Physics
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:55:55

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A Neandertal Perspective on Human Origins

Series
Keble College
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Professor Svante Paabo, Director of the Department of Genetics at Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany delivers the ASC Annual Lecture.
In 2010, the first draft version of the Neandertal genome revealed that Neandertal have contributed genetic material to present-day humans living outside Africa. Recently, we have completed a genome sequence of high quality of a Neandertal individual and also of a Denisovan individual, representing a hitherto unknown Asian group related to Neandertals. These genomes reveal that up to about 2.0% of the genomes of people in Eurasia derive from Neandertals while about 4.8% of the genomes of people living in Oceania derive from Denisovans. I will discuss what is currently known about the functional consequences of the Neandertal inheritance in present-day humans. I will also describe how the Neandertal genome allows novel genomic features that appeared in present-day humans since their divergence from the Neandertal lineage to be identified and discuss how they may be functionally analyzed in the future.

Episode Information

Series
Keble College
People
Svante Paabo
Keywords
neanderthals
denisovan
archaeology
anthropology
origins
humans
Department: Keble College
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:50:51

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Unbuttoning Catullus

Series
Oxford Comparative Criticism and Translation (OCCT)
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A discussion with Dr Gail Trimble, Prof. Nicola Gardini, Josephine Balmer for the OCCT Translation and Criticism strand. Chaired by Professor Matthew Reynolds

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Comparative Criticism and Translation (OCCT)
People
Gail Trimble
Nicola Gardini
Josephine Balmer
Matthew Reynolds.
Keywords
Catullus
latin
translation
poetry
Department: St Anne's College
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 01:18:49

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The neurobiology of social sounds - from speech to laughter

Series
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
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Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences Seminar

Episode Information

Series
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
People
Sophie Scott
Keywords
neuroscience
speech
Department: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:51:06

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Take jellyfish for headaches: language, print and presentation in early 17th-century medical manuals

Series
Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
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Professor Peter Kornicki, emeritus professor, Cambridge University, gives a talk for the Nissan Institute for Japanese Studies seminar series.

Episode Information

Series
Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
People
Peter Kornicki
Keywords
japan
history
society
Medicine
Department: Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:48:10

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The Downward Spiral of Japan's Relations with China since 2012

Series
Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
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Dr Taku Tamaki, Loughborough University, gives a talk for the Nissan Centre for Japanese Studies seminar series.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
People
Taku Tamaki
Keywords
japan
china
international relations
politics
Department: Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 01:00:53

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The New Regulatory Space: Reframing Democratic Governance

Series
Foundation for Law, Justice and Society
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Frank Vibert, Senior Visiting Fellow, Department of Government, London School of Economics, gives a lecture for the Foundation for Law, Justice and Society series.
In this lecture, Frank Vibert argues that, in order to understand the evolving patterns of governance in modern democratic societies, we need to assess these democracies not just in political terms, but in the context of the complex interplay of systems of social coordination — including the market, the law, regulation, and civil society. Of particular importance is the reliance on regulatory systems, in view of the fact that they are seen by some as ‘inferior’ and ‘crowding out’ other better systems, including democratic politics. He demonstrates why such views are mistaken. Instead, he argues that regulation has become the principal way to adjust relationships between different systems, as well as the predominant means by which we counter the adaptive bias toward the status quo in other systems.
Frank Vibert was a Senior Adviser at the World Bank before cofounding a London based Think Tank, the European Policy Forum in 1992. Since 2009 he has been a Senior Visiting Fellow at the LSE. His previous books include The Rise of the Unelected (looking at the growing clout of expert and regulatory bodies) and Democracy and Dissent (examining international rule making institutions and practices).

Episode Information

Series
Foundation for Law, Justice and Society
People
Frank Vibert
Keywords
law
society
democracy
regulation
economics
politics
Department: Centre for Socio-Legal Studies
Date Added: 01/12/2014
Duration: 00:40:53

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