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Information Technologies and Marginalization in African Market Economies

Series
Oxford Internet Institute - Lectures and Seminars
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Laura Mann summarises her lecture on information technologies and marginalization in African market economies, part of the OII's Society and the Internet Lecture Series.
It is often argued that poor and marginalized communities self perpetuate their poverty by inhabiting closed networks. This argument has been most strongly lobbied against those in Africa, where Ethno-linguistic Fragmentation (ELF) has been used to explain "Africa's 'growth tragedy'". However, the rapidly increasing use of the Internet coupled with liberalisation has been seen by many as a way for people to participate in traditionally unreachable social and economic networks. Using the case study of the graduate Sudanese labour market, this talk problematizes the link between technologically mediated weak ties and embeddedness in African economic networks. It contends that tribalism is not an exogenous variable that impinges on the performance of markets but is instead partly an outcome of the failure of liberalisation to produce markets. In the context of the drastic expansion of tertiary education and the politically motivated program of liberalisation carried out by the NCP, the graduate labour market has developed stronger ties in both formal and informal sectors of the economy. 'Wasta' (the Arabic word for intermediation) is strengthening amidst liberalisation, while minorities are being shut out. In such a context, the Internet and other ICTs are not the levellers that many expect them to be. Whilst codified information on the Internet is in theory accessible to all, it remains that a range of barriers including access, technological proficiency and literacy, class, tribe and gender all play a role in restricting access to information for the traditionally marginalized. While the Internet allows for information to be more widely shared, it can also provide mechanisms for information to be kept more secret and for access to be restricted. Internet initiatives focused on development need to deal with this larger range of issues if they are to succeed.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Internet Institute - Lectures and Seminars
People
Laura Mann
Keywords
information
digital divides
liberalisation
weak ties
Africa
labour market
access
Sudan
poverty
internet
tribalism
literacy
wasta
markets
networks
economy
Department: Oxford Internet Institute
Date Added: 28/02/2012
Duration: 00:03:39

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Next Generation Internet Users: Digital Divides, Choices, and Inequalities

Series
Oxford Internet Institute - Lectures and Seminars
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Grant Blank summarises his lecture on how a new pattern of Internet access is developing through the use of a growing variety of devices than enable increasing mobility: these people are "Next Generation Internet Users".
Survey research on Internet use in Britain has highlighted two dramatic and interrelated shifts in how users are accessing the Internet. From our early study of Internet use in 2003, the primary pattern of Internet access was based on the use of a personal computer in one's household, and at times complemented by similar access at the workplace, linked to the Internet through a modem or broadband connection. The major change in access since 2003 was around the speed of connections, with the major trend being the uptake of broadband Internet until 2009, by when nearly all Internet users used a broadband connection. This dominant pattern of Internet access characterizes the 'first generation user' in Britain. In contrast to this first generation of Internet users, there is a new pattern of Internet access developing through the use of a growing variety of devices than enable increasing mobility. Laptops, smart phones, tablet computers, and readers are providing a multitude of entry points that most often complement but occasionally replace the centrality of the household personal computer. We call those who link to the Internet in this increasingly mobile style as the 'next generation users' (NGUs). Who are the next generation users, the more tethered users, and non-users? Additionally, socioeconomic divides and the choices of many individuals not to use the Internet are socially distributed in ways that reignite issues over digital divides in society.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Internet Institute - Lectures and Seminars
People
Grant Blank
Keywords
users
mobility
broadband
computers
access
survey
oxis
internet
technology
digital divide
Department: Oxford Internet Institute
Date Added: 28/02/2012
Duration: 00:07:20

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The nature of human beings and the question of their ultimate origin

Series
Origins of Nature
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The Archbishop of Canterbury, Prof. Richard Dawkins and Sir Anthony Kenny took part in a discussion titled "The nature of human beings and the question of their ultimate origin". Held at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford in Feb 2012.

Episode Information

Series
Origins of Nature
People
Richard Dawkins
Rowan Williams
Anthony Kenny
Keywords
evolution
humanities
science
philosophy
theology
religion
god
Department: Faculty of Theology and Religion
Date Added: 28/02/2012
Duration: 01:28:16

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Origins of Nature

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Origins of Nature
In this series of talks and events we seek to further our understanding of what makes us 'human' and the meaning of life. This series is presented by Sophia Europa Oxford and the Faculty of Theology in the University of Oxford.

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St Cross Seminar HT12: Cooperation, altruism and cheating in micro-organisms

Series
Uehiro Oxford Institute
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Santorelli is a research fellow in the Zoology department, University of Oxford. He is interested in investigating the evolution of cooperative behaviors of macro and microorganisms.
While discussions of cooperation and conflict are common in the study of animal and human societies, only within the last few decades we have realized that these acts also occur in more primitive, microscopic forms of life, such as amoebae or bacteria. The field of Sociobiology explains and investigates how social behaviour has resulted from evolution. Major focus is now aimed at extrapolating genetic and other experimental evidence from model studies on micro-organisms and insect societies to apply to human cooperation via research on economic-based game theory and evolutionary psychology. Unlike human societies, microbes are incapable of defining complex rules, laws, traditions and morals, yet they still manage to harbor social interactions in many different contexts, such as the division of labour, communication and kin recognition. Studying micro-organisms has given us an insight of what can be the genetic basis of many social behaviours and how cooperation can be stable even in the face of selfishness and cheating

Episode Information

Series
Uehiro Oxford Institute
People
Lorenzo Santorelli
Department: Uehiro Oxford Institute
Date Added: 27/02/2012
Duration: 01:02:06

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The Other Within: An Anthropology of Englishness

Series
Keble College
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Professor Chris Gosden talks about what it means to be English with reference to a project at the Pitt Rivers Museum called 'The Other Within'.

Episode Information

Series
Keble College
People
Chris Gosden
Keywords
anthropology
keble
englishness
Department: Keble College
Date Added: 27/02/2012
Duration: 00:48:45

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The closest exit may be behind you

Series
Wolfson College Podcasts
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The British-Libyan author Hisham Matar describes to a packed audience at Wolfson College the 'existential crisis' at the heart of contemporary Libyan national identity. The talk is introduced by Hermione Lee.
The British-Libyan author Hisham Matar marked the first publication of his work in his home country by describing to a packed audience at Wolfson College the 'existential crisis' at the heart of contemporary Libyan national identity, and the corresponding existential exile embedded in the life of the writer. The lecture for the Oxford Centre for Life-Writing (OCLW) at Wolfson was introduced by OCLW Director and College President Hermione Lee, who recounted the thrill of discovering Matar's work while judging the 2006 ManBooker Prize, for which his debut novel In the Country of Men was shortlisted. The book was set in Gadaffi's Libya of 1979, and brought Matar literary acclaim and international prominence, leaving the novelist with the difficult task, Professor Lee observed, of negotiating the responsibility of the artist to the claims of world history.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Wolfson College Podcasts
People
Hisham Matar
Keywords
literature
Libyan uprising
Department: Wolfson College
Date Added: 24/02/2012
Duration: 01:00:05

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Kenya's Somalia Invasion: Security, Development and Humanitarian Assistance in Eastern Africa

Series
African Studies Centre
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Professor David Anderson gives a talk for the African Studies Seminar series on 23rd February 2012.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
African Studies Centre
People
David Anderson
Keywords
Africa
UN
somalia
humanitarianism
Kenya
war
intervention
Department: Centre for African Studies
Date Added: 24/02/2012
Duration: 00:53:59

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RSC Public Seminars 2012: Social Scientific Approaches to Equivocal Issue-Areas: the case of the 'environmental migration' nexus

Series
Refugee Studies Centre
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RSC Public Seminar series of Hilary Term 2012.
Podcast from the Refugee Studies Centre's Public Seminar Series on 'Critical Approaches to Environmental Displacement' convened by Dr Alexander Betts. This podcast was recorded on Wednesday 15 February 2012 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. The seminar was delivered by Calum Nicholson, Swansea University.

Episode Information

Series
Refugee Studies Centre
People
Calum Nicholson
Department: Oxford Department of International Development
Date Added: 24/02/2012
Duration: 00:50:16

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RSC Public Seminars 2012: Seeing the Person in the Problem: a practitioner perspective on justice the environment and displacement

Series
Refugee Studies Centre
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RSC Public Seminar series of Hilary Term 2012.
Podcast from the Refugee Studies Centre's Public Seminar Series on 'Critical Approaches to Environmental Displacement' convened by Dr Alexander Betts. This podcast was recorded on Wednesday 8 February 2012 at the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. The seminar was delivered by Hannah Smith, Climate Outreach and Information Network.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Refugee Studies Centre
People
Hannah Smith
Department: Oxford Department of International Development
Date Added: 24/02/2012
Duration: 00:30:16

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