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Beyond zero: the role of negative emissions

Series
Oxford Martin School: Public Lectures and Seminars
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What are the different ways to remove carbon dioxide from air? How much potential do they have, and how can we scale them up? Perhaps most importantly, will negative emissions be a vital addition to action on emissions or a costly distraction?
Join Tim Kruger, Programme Manager of the Oxford Geoegineering Programme, in discussion with Dr Steve Smith, Executive Director of Oxford Net Zero, in this fifth instalment of the Oxford Net Zero series.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Martin School: Public Lectures and Seminars
People
Tim Kruger
Steve Smith
Keywords
emissions
Net Zero
geoengineering
carbon
technology
climate
Department: Oxford Martin School
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 01:03:55

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The stymieing effect of unresolved ethical issues on the conservation of biodiversity

Series
Oxford Martin School: Public Lectures and Seminars
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In this presentation, Professor John Vucetich & Professor David MacDonald, will examine how the terms “ecosystem health” and “endangered species” are underdetermined to the point of being increasingly problematic for advancing real-world conservation
Many real-world conservation issues are also treated as negotiations between those who are for and against conservation, where the effort is either discovering a win-win outcome or the assertion of political power for some particular win-lose outcome. These hyper-political environments distract from steep ethical trade-offs that rise from the inevitable conflicts about four basic goals: conservation, social justice, animal welfare, and increased agricultural production. The best outcomes almost certainly require that more of society’s leaders become more facile with the ethical dimensions of these trade-offs.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Martin School: Public Lectures and Seminars
People
John Vucetich
David Macdonald
Keywords
conservation
biodiversity
ecosystems
endangered species
Department: Oxford Martin School
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 01:00:05

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Animal Eyes on the Planet (2/3): The Felt Knowledge of a More-Than-Human-World

Series
The Oxford/Berlin Creative Collaborations
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In this second podcast from the Berlin and the Oxford creative collaboration on Climate Crisis Thinking we acquaint ourselves with the Japan’s indigenous Ainu culture and history.
In this second podcast from the Berlin and the Oxford creative collaboration on Climate Crisis Thinking we acquaint ourselves with the Japan’s indigenous Ainu culture and history. The encounter leads us to rethink our cultural values to discuss climate issues kindly, gently, and radically.

Episode Information

Series
The Oxford/Berlin Creative Collaborations
People
Amanda Power
Nina Fischer
Eiko Soga
Lisa Maria Steppacher
Lilli Kuschel
Keywords
Climate Crisis
Ainu
anthropocene
art
Non-human Perspective
anthropology
filmmaking
Department: The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH)
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 00:16:26

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Invoking 'Transitional Justice' without a Transition: Reflections on Sri Lanka's Transitional Justice Programme, 2015-2019

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
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Kumaravadivel Guruparan gives a talk as part of the Oxford Transitional Justice Research (OTJR) Seminar Series.
In 2015, Sri Lankan witnessed regime change that removed President Mahinda Rajapaksa from power. Mahinda Rajapaksa was the President who led the war against the LTTE to its finish in 2009, a war in which thousands of Tamil civilians were killed. The regime change in 2015 was characterised by many of its supporters as a change that would deliver transitional justice. The new regime also employed the language of transitional justice, particularly in the UN Human Rights Council, in its attempt to divert calls for international accountability and justice for crimes committed during the war. The regime was short lived and fell in 2019 returning another Rajapaksa, Gotabaya Rajapakasa the war-time Defence Secretary as President. This talk will seek to explore the politics of identifying the regime change in 2015 as a transitional moment in Sri Lanka. As a general proposition, it will problematise using 'regime change' as an indicator for transition in deeply divided societies. It will argue that a Transitional Justice narrative that is aligned to the liberal peace tradition is bound to fail given that it fails to engage with the structural issues that inhibit democratic change. It will further argue that misplaced optimism generated by such thinly conceived transitional justice efforts may in fact hurt victims and survivors. Dr Kumaravadivel Guruparan served as an academic attached to the Department of Law, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka between 2010 and 2020 serving as Senior Lecturer at the time of resignation. He served as Head of the Department between January 2017 and November 2019. He is also a practicing attorney and has appeared as lead counsel in a number of cases relating to post-war human rights issues in Northern Sri Lanka including in cases relating to the right to memory, the rights of families of the disappeared and post-war land issues. He is a Co-founder of the Tamil Civil Society Forum and Founder Chair of the Adayaalam Centre for Policy Research, based in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. He holds an LL.B (Hons) from the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, a BCL from Balliol College, University of Oxford and a PhD from University College London in Public International Law and Comparative Constitutional Law. He was awarded the Chevening Scholarship in 2010 and the Commonwealth Scholarship in 2013. Guruparan was at the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights as a Research Visitor between October 2020 and January 2021.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
People
Kumaravadivel Guruparan
Keywords
law
politics
sri lanka
transitional justice
Department: Centre for Criminology
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 00:41:55

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Kashmir and the State of Exception

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
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Habeel Iqbal gives a talk as part of the Oxford Transitional Justice Research (OTJR) Seminar Series.
Kashmir is among the oldest unresolved international conflicts on the United Nations' agenda. Over the last few decades, India has imposed a state of permanent emergency in Indian-administered Kashmir, through 'draconian' domestic laws that quell the political struggle and the rights of the people of Kashmir. Thousands have been killed in extrajudicial executions, scores have been arbitrarily detained, and many subjected to enforced disappearances. Sexual violence has been used as a weapon of war to subjugate an entire population. The political rights and basic freedoms of the people of Kashmir have been systematically denied to them by using domestic laws like the Armed Forces (Jammu and Kashmir) Special Powers Act 1990 and the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act 1978, among others. This seminar will address how mass human rights violations are committed in Indian-administered Kashmir with impunity, and reflect on how the state of exception has been the norm in Kashmir for decades now. Habeel Iqbal is a lawyer from Indian-administered Kashmir working on human rights issues. He is a legal consultant with the Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons, an organisation working against enforced disappearances in Kashmir.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
People
Habeel Iqbal
Keywords
politics
conflict
law
kashmir
india
Pakistan
Department: Centre for Criminology
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 00:29:44

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Australian War Crimes in Afghanistan: National Mechanisms, Positive Complementarity and Command Responsibility

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
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Douglas Guilfoyle gives a talk as part of the Oxford Transitional Justice Research (OTJR) Seminar Series.
Following persistent rumours of criminal misconduct by some Australian Special Forces personnel in Afghanistan, an administrative inquiry was launched in 2016 by the Inspector-General of the Australian Defence Force. That inquiry's report revealed shocking evidence of 23 incidents involving 25 Australian personnel and resulting in 39 killings of persons hors de combat or under Australian control, as well as other misconduct. The inquiry recommended these incidents be prosecuted before ordinary civilian courts under Australia's war crimes legislation, which largely mirrors provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. A new investigative mechanism, the Office of the Special Investigator, has been established to this end. However, the report also suggested that military leaders above the patrol commander level bore only moral or professional responsibility and there should be no prosecutions based on command responsibility. These developments raise questions about the scope of command responsibility under international and Australian law, and the relationship between national investigative mechanisms and the International Criminal Court. Douglas Guilfoyle is Associate Professor of International and Security Law at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of New South Wales Canberra. His principal areas of research are maritime security, the international law of the sea, and international and transnational criminal law. He was previously a Professor of Law at Monash University, Reader in Law at University College London, and has acted as a consultant to various governments and international organisations. In 2019-2020 he was a Visiting Legal Fellow at the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. He is a regular contributor to the blog EJILTalk!

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
People
Douglas Guilfoyle
Keywords
law
afghanistan
security
conflict
Department: Centre for Criminology
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 00:42:09

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The Terra Lectures in American Art: Part 1: Performing Innocence: Belated

Series
TORCH | The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities
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Professor Emily C. Burns, Terra Foundation Visiting Professor in American Art, gives the first in the series of The Terra Lectures in American Art: Performing Innocence: US Artists in Paris, 1865-1914.
Between the end of the US Civil War and the start of World War I, thousands of American artists studied and worked in Paris. While popular thought holds that they went to imbibe culture and attain artistic maturity, in this four-part lecture series, Professor Emily Burns explores the various ways that Americans in Paris performed instead a cultural immaturity that pandered to European expectations that the United States lacked history, tradition, and culture. The lectures chart knowing constructions of innocence that US artists and writers projected abroad in both art practice and social performance, linking them to ongoing conversations about race, gender, art making, modernity, physio-psychological experience, evolutionary theory, and national identity in France and in the United States. Interwoven myths in art and social practice that framed Puritanism; an ironically long-standing penchant for anything new and original; primitivism designed by white artists’ playing with ideas of Blackness and Indigeneity; childhood’s incisive perception; and originary sight operated in tandem to turn a liability of lacking culture into an asset. In analyzing the mechanisms of these constructions, the lectures return to the question about the cultural work these ideas enacted when performed abroad. What is obscured and repressed by mythical innocence and feigned forgetting?

Performing Innocence: Belated

Abstract:

Why did terms like innocence, naïveté, and artlessness have currency for US artists working in fin-de-siècle Paris? This lecture examines the language employed by artists and critics that applied these terms to Franco-American art exchange. Professor Burns traces the concepts’ emergence and expansion at the end of the US Civil War. Linking the mass exodus to France for study to attempts at cultural rejuvenation, innocence reveals a culture triggered by the realities of war, failed Reconstruction, divisive financial interests, and imperial ambition. The impossibility of innocence gave the myth its urgency and paradox. Engaging with artists from Thomas Eakins and Robert Henri to writers Mark Twain, Henry James and Edith Wharton, as well as journalists, the lecture frames the definitions and stakes of claiming to be innocent and naïve in Paris. In performing these characteristics, these artists and writers built an idea that American culture was belated compared with Europe; the lecture contextualizes this idea of strategic belatedness alongside similar projections in other emergent national contexts.

Biographies:

Emily C. Burns is an Associate Professor of Art History at Auburn University where she teaches courses on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American, Native American, and European art history. Her publications include a book, Transnational Frontiers: the American West in France (University of Oklahoma Press, 2018), which analyzes appropriations of the American West in France in performance and visual and material culture in the tripartite international relationships between the United States, France, and the Lakota nation between 1867 and 1914, as well as journal articles, exhibition catalogue essays, and book chapters related to art and circulation, US artists in France, and American impressionism. She is currently completing a co-edited volume with Alice Price on global impressionisms entitled Mapping Impressionist Painting in Transnational Contexts (forthcoming from Routledge).

During her tenure as the Terra Foundation for American Art Visiting Professor in the Department of History of Art at the University of Oxford and a Visiting Fellow at Worcester College, Professor Burns will complete her second book, Performing Innocence: Cultural Belatedness and U.S. Art in fin-de-siècle Paris.

Peter Gibian teaches American literature and culture in the English Department at McGill University (Montréal, Canada), where he has won four teaching awards. His publications include Mass Culture and Everyday Life (editor and contributor, Routledge 1997) and Oliver Wendell Holmes and the Culture of Conversation (Cambridge UP 2001; awarded the Best Book Prize in 2001-02 by NEASA, the New England branch of the American Studies Association) as well as essays on Whitman, Poe, Melville, Hawthorne, Twain, Dr. Holmes, Justice Holmes, Bayard Taylor, Washington Irving, G. W. Cable, Edward Everett Hale, Wharton and James, John Singer Sargent, Michael Snow and shopping mall spectacle, the experience of flânerie in 19th-century shopping arcades, and cosmopolitanism in nineteenth-century American literature. He is currently at work on two book projects: one exploring the influence of two competing speech models—oratory and conversation—on Whitman’s writing and his notions of public life; the other tracing the emergence of a “cosmopolitan tradition” in American culture over the course of the long nineteenth century.

Episode Information

Series
TORCH | The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities
People
Emily C. Burns
Peter Gibian
Keywords
art
art history
American Art
literature
Department: The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH)
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration: 01:17:59

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Leading and teaching Evidence-Based Health Care

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
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Professor Kamal Mahtani and David Nunan interview Professor Paul Glasziou, Director of the Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare at Bond University, about his experience of leadership and his work in capacity building through teaching and supervision.

Professor Kamal Mahtani is Director of the Evidence-Based Health Care Leadership programme and David Nunan is Director of the PGCert in Teaching EBHC

Episode Information

Series
Evidence-Based Health Care
People
Kamal Mahtani
David Nunan
Paul Glasziou
Keywords
healthcare
leadership
Medicine
teaching
Department: Medical Sciences Division
Date Added: 18/03/2021
Duration:

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Distribution-dependent generalization bounds for noisy, iterative learning algorithms

Series
Department of Statistics
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Karolina Dziugaite (Element AI), gives the OxCSML Seminar on 26th February 2021.
Abstract: Deep learning approaches dominate in many application areas. Our understanding of generalization (relating empirical performance to future expected performance) is however lacking. In some applications, standard algorithms like stochastic gradient descent (SGD) reliably return solutions with low test error. In other applications, these same algorithms rapidly overfit. There is, as yet, no satisfying theory explaining what conditions are required for these common algorithms to work in practice. In this talk, I will discuss standard approaches to explaining generalization in deep learning using tools from statistical learning theory, and present some of the barriers these approaches face to explaining deep learning. I will then discuss my recent work (NeurIPS 2019, 2020) on information-theoretic approaches to understanding generalization of noisy, iterative learning algorithms, such as Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics, a noisy version of SGD.

Episode Information

Series
Department of Statistics
People
Karolina Dziugaite
Keywords
statistics
learning algorithms
ai
Department: Department of Statistics
Date Added: 17/03/2021
Duration: 00:54:09

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Counter-Revolutions Vs. Counter-Marginalization Movements: (Re)Visiting the Online Tug-of-War a Decade After the Arab Spring

Series
Middle East Centre
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Dr Marc Owen Jones (Hamad Bin Khalifa University) and Dr Sahar Khamis (University of Maryland) give a talk for the MEC Friday Seminars Series. Chaired by Professor Walter Armbrust (St Antony’s College, Oxford).
Moderator: Professor Eugene Rogan (St Antony's College, Oxford)
This evening Professor Walter Armbrust (St Antony’s College) is joined by Dr Mark Owen Jones (Assistant Professor, Hamad Bin Halifa University) and Dr Sahar Khamis (Associate Professor, University of Maryland).

Ten years after the eruption of the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, which had a wide range of eclectic outcomes, it became obvious that the transitions to democratization have been derailed in the so-called post-Arab Spring countries, with the exception of Tunisia. This presentation unpacks the complexity of the parallel surge in anti-authoritarianism resistance movements, on one hand, and repressive counter-revolutionary movements, on the other hand, in this post-Arab Spring mediated political and media environment. It explains how anti-authoritarian activists continue to resist dictatorships across the Arab world, using a plethora of digital media platforms, and how authoritarian regimes are using the same digital tools and techniques, in parallel, to sabotage such efforts. In doing so, it illustrates how the phenomenon of “cyberactivism” is opening up new horizons in this ongoing tug-of-war between authoritarian rulers and their opponents in the Arab region, who are not just resisting political repression, but are also pushing back against all forms of gender-based, socially-based, culturally-based, and politically-based marginalization and discrimination, simultaneously.

Biographies:

Dr Marc Owen Jones received his BA in Journalism, Film and Broadcasting from Cardiff University in 2006, and a CASAW-funded MSc in Arab World Studies from the University of Durham in 2010. Following this, he completed his PhD (funded by the AHRC/ESRC) in 2016 at Durham, where he wrote an interdisciplinary thesis on the history of political repression in Bahrain. His thesis won the 2016 AGAPS prize. He spent much of his childhood in Bahrain, and has also lived in various parts of the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Syria. Prior to joining HBKU, he won a Teach at Tubingen Award at Tuebingen University’s Institute for Political Science, and worked as a Lecturer in the History of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula at Exeter University’s Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies. He is currently Assistant Professor in Middle East Studies and Digital Humanities at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar. He is co-editor of two books Gulfization of the Arab World (Gerlach Press, 2018) and Bahrain’s Uprising: Resistance and Repression in the Gulf (Zed Books 2015), and author of the recently published book Political Repression in Bahrain (Cambridge University Press, 2020). In addition to his academic work, he enjoys communicating his research to broader audiences, and has bylines in the Washington Post, New Statesman, CNN, the Independent, PEN International, and several others. He has also appeared frequently on the BBC, Channel 4 News, and Al Jazeera.

Dr Sahar Khamis is an expert on Arab and Muslim media, and the former Head of the Mass Communication and Information Science Department in Qatar University. She is a former Mellon Islamic Studies Initiative Visiting Professor at the University of Chicago. Sahar is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Communication, University of Maryland, USA.

She is the co-author of the books: Islam Dot Com: Contemporary Islamic Discourses in Cyberspace (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009) and Egyptian Revolution 2.0: Political Blogging, Civic Engagement and Citizen Journalism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), and the co-editor of Arab Women's Activism and Socio-Political Transformation: Unfinished Gendered Revolutions (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018). Additionally, she has authored and co-authored numerous book chapters, journal articles and

conference papers, regionally and internationally, in both English and Arabic. She is the recipient of a number of prestigious academic and professional awards, as well as a member of the editorial boards of several journals in the field of communication, in general, and the field of Arab and Muslim media, in particular.

Dr. Khamis is a media commentator and analyst, a public speaker, a human rights commissioner in the Human Rights Commission in Montgomery County, Maryland, and a radio host, who presents a monthly radio show on “U.S. Arab Radio” (the first Arab-American radio station broadcasting in the U.S. and Canada).

Episode Information

Series
Middle East Centre
People
Marc Owen Jones
Sahar Khamis
Walter Armbrust
Eugene Rogan
Keywords
middle east
Arab Spring
islam
democracy
revolution
Department: Middle East Centre
Date Added: 17/03/2021
Duration: 01:02:25

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