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Standards for sweatshops: voluntary labour standards programs in global supply chains

Series
Certification and Sustainability
Embed
Increased attention to sweatshops, child labour, and the suppression of labour rights has led to a range of voluntary initiatives that set, monitor, and certify labour standards in global supply chains.
These include factory certification efforts like Social Accountability International, monitoring programs like the Ethical Trading Initiative and Fair Labour Association, and numerous corporate codes of conduct and supplier standards. Whereas supporters initially claimed that such initiatives would effectively 'bypass the state' and transform labour conditions in global supply chains, existing evidence suggests that their impacts are fragmentary, limited in scope, and conditional on domestic political settings. This presentation will discuss the various routes by which certification and codes of conduct might in theory support an upgrading of labour conditions and the barriers that have blunted many of these standards in practice. In particular, an examination of the garment and footwear sectors in Indonesia provides an opportunity to consider why factory certification has barely taken hold in a comparatively conducive political setting (where freedom of association is legally possible) and the ways in labour conditions are shaped by the interplay of governmental and private standards. This seminar was delivered by Professor Tim Bartley, Indiana University.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Certification and Sustainability
People
Tim Bartley
Keywords
standards
oxfordmartin
consumer
sweatshops
certification
Department: Oxford Martin School
Date Added: 19/11/2010
Duration: 00:42:31

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Streptomyces in Nature and Medicine: The Antibiotic Makers

Series
Botanic Garden
Embed
Although plants are a very important part of a garden, we must not forget about the important contribution that soil makes. Bacteria living in the soil also produce compounds important as modern antibiotics.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Botanic Garden
People
Sir David Hopwood
Keywords
botany
streptomyces
gardening
soil
antibiotics
Health
botanic gardens
Medicine
Department: Botanic Garden
Date Added: 17/11/2010
Duration: 00:56:37

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Reparative Reasoning: An Abductive Approach to Religious Conflict

Series
St Cross Colloquia
Embed
Colloquia Week 5 MT10: Reparative Reasoning: An Abductive Approach to Religious Conflict.

Episode Information

Series
St Cross Colloquia
People
Gary Slater
Department: St Cross College
Date Added: 17/11/2010
Duration: 00:24:00

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Moving goods and moving people: transport, infrastructure and economic transformation in Tanzania

Series
St Cross Colloquia
Embed
Colloquia Week 4 MT10: Moving goods and moving people: transport, infrastructure and economic transformation in Tanzania.

Episode Information

Series
St Cross Colloquia
People
Chris Adam
Keywords
st cross college
infrastructure
tanzania
colloquia
st cross
transport
Department: St Cross College
Date Added: 17/11/2010
Duration: 00:28:00

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Crimes Against Humanity: Human rights and Justice in Argentina

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
Embed
Judge Sergio Gabriel Torres, Federal Judge in Criminal and Correctional Matters in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Academic Vice President for Argentina at the Ibero-American Criminal Law Institute gives a talk for the OTJR seminar series.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Transitional Justice Research Seminars
People
Sergio Torres
Keywords
justice
human rights
argentina
otjr
Department: Centre for Criminology
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:27:17

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Oxford Program for the Future of Cities Part 1: New business models for low-carbon cities

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
Embed
Mark Hinnells (Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford) explores the impact of policy measures to deliver a low-carbon economy on the development of new business models for low-carbon cities.
Abstract: This research explores the impact of policy measures to deliver a low carbon economy (both near term and more extensive policy change) on the development of new business models for low carbon cities. Buildings account for around 47% of UK Carbon emissions (including both residential and non-residential buildings, and including space conditioning, lights and appliances and equipment). The current policy framework will not be sufficient to deliver a 60% or 80% reduction in carbon emissions, and the policy framework is expected to see substantial change in the next decade and beyond. Our current set of technological solutions for heat light and equipment will need to change to achieve such large reductions. Possible policy measures and technology scenarios were explored in the Building Market Transformation programme undertaken at the Environmental Change Institute. The programme resulted in more than 80 published papers. As a consequence of policy changes and alongside technology changes, the business landscape which delivers and manages solutions for the built environment is likely to undergo major re-organisation, with existing organisations changing their business models and processes, as well as the creation of new business models. It is this opportunity and need for new business models which the proposed research will explore. Since two thirds of commercial space and a quarter of residential space is rented or leased, new business models may change the relationship between landlord and tenant, one that has been largely unaltered for many decades. It may include financing low carbon refurbishment off balance sheet. Solutions will be different for low carbon electricity and heat and different for different technologies. One new model is leasing out roofspace for PV, where roofspace has not previously been part of a separate lease. New business models may not solely exist in the commercial sector. They may exist as partnerships between the private sector and the public sector, and even at the intersection of the private sector and civil society. It is important to capture all of these areas.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
People
Mark Hinnells
Keywords
low-carbon economy
urban policy and planning
sustainability
future
cities
new business models
Department: Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:52:15

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Oxford Program for the Future of Cities Part 4: Sustainable urban development to 2050 - complex transitions in the built environment of cities

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
Embed
Tim Dixon (Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University) looks at 'critical success factors' that need to be in place for cities to be more sustainable by 2050.
Abstract: The majority of the world's population now live in cities. This poses great challenges, but also great opportunities in terms of tackling climate change, resource depletion and environmental degradation. Policy agendas have increasingly focused on how to develop and maintain 'integrated sustainable urban development', and a number of theoretical conceptualisations of urban transition have been formulated to help our thinking and understanding in both developed and developing countries. Drawing on examples around the world the paper aims to examine the key 'critical success factors' that need to be in place for cities to traverse a pathway to a more sustainable future in urban development terms by 2050. The paper explores how important the issues of 'scale' is in the context of complexity and fragmentation in the city's built environment, identifies the lessons that can be learned for future sustainable urban development, and the further research which is needed to address future urban transitions to 2050.

Episode Information

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
People
Tim Dixon
Keywords
sustainability
future
scalability
cities
urban policy and planning
Department: Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:42:02

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Oxford Program for the Future of Cities Part 5: The paralyzed frog, water supply services and sustainable cities

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
Embed
Rob Hope (School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford) gives a talk on institutional innovations and new financial models for sustainable water as part of a seminar series on the Future of Cities.
Abstract: Any notion of a sustainable city is premised on a secure water supply for human, productive and ecosystem demands. With global urban residents now out-numbering rural dwellers, urban water delivery systems are creaking and leaking under decades of under-investment, new competitive demands, reduced revenue streams, and increasingly scarce and variable water resources. The political economy of water supply means decision-making is challenged by balancing social, political, economic, technical, legal, financial and environmental concerns which often leads to paralysis. In the absence of effective reform and action, millions of people in developing countries are left without adequate water services resulting in avoidable but high daily and life-cycle costs. We examine institutional innovations and new financial models piloted by cities to secure water supplies whilst protecting water ecosystems and how progressive reform may hit the elusive and moving targets of increasing supply coverage rates, at reduced cost and lower water volume delivery.

Episode Information

Series
Institute for Science, Innovation and Society
People
Rob Hope
Keywords
water
sustainability
future
cities
urban policy and planning
Department: Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:41:17

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New business models for low-carbon cities

Series
Oxford Programme for the Future of Cities
Embed
Mark Hinnells (Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford) explores the impact of policy measures to deliver a low-carbon economy on the development of new business models for low-carbon cities.
Abstract: This research explores the impact of policy measures to deliver a low carbon economy (both near term and more extensive policy change) on the development of new business models for low carbon cities. Buildings account for around 47% of UK Carbon emissions (including both residential and non-residential buildings, and including space conditioning, lights and appliances and equipment). The current policy framework will not be sufficient to deliver a 60% or 80% reduction in carbon emissions, and the policy framework is expected to see substantial change in the next decade and beyond. Our current set of technological solutions for heat light and equipment will need to change to achieve such large reductions. Possible policy measures and technology scenarios were explored in the Building Market Transformation programme undertaken at the Environmental Change Institute. The programme resulted in more than 80 published papers. As a consequence of policy changes and alongside technology changes, the business landscape which delivers and manages solutions for the built environment is likely to undergo major re-organisation, with existing organisations changing their business models and processes, as well as the creation of new business models. It is this opportunity and need for new business models which the proposed research will explore. Since two thirds of commercial space and a quarter of residential space is rented or leased, new business models may change the relationship between landlord and tenant, one that has been largely unaltered for many decades. It may include financing low carbon refurbishment off balance sheet. Solutions will be different for low carbon electricity and heat and different for different technologies. One new model is leasing out roofspace for PV, where roofspace has not previously been part of a separate lease. New business models may not solely exist in the commercial sector. They may exist as partnerships between the private sector and the public sector, and even at the intersection of the private sector and civil society. It is important to capture all of these areas.
Creative Commons Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK (BY-NC-SA): England & Wales; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Programme for the Future of Cities
People
Mark Hinnells
Keywords
low-carbon economy
urban policy and planning
sustainability
future
cities
new business models
Department: Saïd Business School
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:52:14

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Sustainable urban development to 2050 - complex transitions in the built environment of cities

Series
Oxford Programme for the Future of Cities
Embed
Tim Dixon (Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University) looks at 'critical success factors' that need to be in place for cities to be more sustainable by 2050.
Abstract: The majority of the world's population now live in cities. This poses great challenges, but also great opportunities in terms of tackling climate change, resource depletion and environmental degradation. Policy agendas have increasingly focused on how to develop and maintain 'integrated sustainable urban development', and a number of theoretical conceptualisations of urban transition have been formulated to help our thinking and understanding in both developed and developing countries. Drawing on examples around the world the paper aims to examine the key 'critical success factors' that need to be in place for cities to traverse a pathway to a more sustainable future in urban development terms by 2050. The paper explores how important the issues of 'scale' is in the context of complexity and fragmentation in the city's built environment, identifies the lessons that can be learned for future sustainable urban development, and the further research which is needed to address future urban transitions to 2050.

Episode Information

Series
Oxford Programme for the Future of Cities
People
Tim Dixon
Keywords
sustainability
future
scalability
cities
urban policy and planning
Department: Saïd Business School
Date Added: 16/11/2010
Duration: 00:42:01

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