Refugee Studies Centre

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Refugee Studies Centre

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Title	Description	People	Date	Captions
FMR 59 - Improving IDP data to help implement the Guiding Principles	Reliable, comprehensive data are vital for effective programming and practice. Data quality can be improved in many ways to better reflect the Guiding Principles and provide evidence to support their implementation.	Natalia Krynsky Baal, Laura Kivelä, Melissa Weihmayer	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - The Sustainable Development Goals and IDPs	Having adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, States must be helped to make their promise to ‘leave no one behind’ a reality for IDPs.	Greta Zeender	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - The importance of monitoring internal displacement	The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development acknowledges the link between internal displacement and development, and States should therefore be including internal displacement when monitoring progress towards their development goals.	Christelle Cazabat	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Strengthening implementation of the Guiding Principles by affected States	Engaging with States affected by internal displacement by facilitating peer-to-peer exchanges on shared challenges and through tapping into the potential for mobilisation by sub-regional and regional forums can prompt national action.	Angela Cotroneo	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Domesticating the Guiding Principles in Afghanistan	Over the past 20 years, many governments have developed legal and policy instruments to help incorporate the Guiding Principles into national legislation or policy frameworks. Achieving effective, meaningful implementation, however, is hard.	Nassim Majidi, Dan Tyler	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Protecting property: the Iraqi experience	Protection of property rights on a fair and non-discriminatory basis within Iraq’s multi-ethnic society is central to the end of displacement and the start of durable solutions.	Sila Sonmez, Shahaan Murray, Martin Clutterbuck	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - The Guiding Principles and armed non-State actors	Direct humanitarian engagement with these actors is required in order to help them improve their understanding of and compliance with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.	Carla Ruta, Heloise Ruaudel, Pascal Bongard	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Addressing internal displacement in Ethiopia	Among various new initiatives in Ethiopia to address both the short- and long-term needs of IDPs, the Durable Solutions Working Group is making some progress, despite the challenging context.	Behigu Habte, Yun Jin Kweon	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - The Guiding Principles in international human rights courts	The Guiding Principles have potential to support and complement international human rights law on internal displacement but they have had little explicit consideration by international and regional human rights courts and commissions.	Deborah Casalin	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - A disaster approach to displacement: IDPs in the Philippines	In the absence of a national policy on internal displacement, the Philippines has used a disaster management framework to address displacement caused by terrorism-related conflict in Marawi City.	Reinna Bermudez, Francis Tom Temprosa, Odessa Gonzalez Benson	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Planned relocation in Asia and the Pacific	Promising policy developments are underway in Asia and the Pacific to address climate and disaster-related displacement, yet the deeper governance structures required to embed protection are not yet in place, especially for planned relocation.	Jessie Connell, Sabira Coelho	6 November, 2018
FMR 59 - Internal displacement beyond 2018: the road ahead	The statistics and the challenges around internal displacement are daunting. However, much has been learned since the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were launched in 1998.	Alexandra Bilak, Avigail Shai	1 November, 2018
FMR 59 General - Lessons from the 1990s for Belize today	Belize is currently facing a refugee situation that in many ways is reminiscent of the Central American refugee crisis it dealt with, successfully, in the 1990s. Could lessons from the past be key to the most effective response today?	Janice Marshall, Kelleen Corrigan	1 November, 2018
FMR 59 General - Gender and livelihoods in Myanmar after development-induced resettlement	Research on a resettlement programme in Myanmar underscores the pressing need for policymakers to understand the ways in which gender affects how different groups experience the impact of development-induced resettlement.	Gillian Cornish, Rebekah Ramsay	1 November, 2018
FMR 59 General - Working with peer researchers in refugee communities	Refugee peer researchers can be a vital source of access, knowledge and assistance to refugee communities, and international researchers must consider how best to work collaboratively with them.	William Bakunzi	1 November, 2018
FMR 59 General - Valuing local humanitarian knowledge: learning from the Central African Republic	The humanitarian community needs to better identify, collect, harness and disseminate the local humanitarian knowledge that is developed within protracted conflict settings by national NGOs.	Brigitte Piquard, Luk Delft	31 October, 2018
FMR 59 General - The Global Summit of Refugees and the importance of refugee self-representation	In June 2018, 72 refugee representatives from 27 refugee-hosting countries gathered in Geneva for the first-ever Global Summit of Refugees.	The Global Summit of Refugees Steering Committee	31 October, 2018
FMR 59 General - Assisting displaced people: a shared responsibility	Enyimba kwe nu. When we work together, we achieve more.	Iwuoha Chima Iwuoha	30 October, 2018
FMR 59 General - Exclusion of local actors from coordination leadership in child protection	Despite multiple commitments to and much guidance on the desirability of local actors leading coordination at the national level, the reality is that they continue to be excluded.	Umar Abdullahi Maina, Daniel Machuor, Anthony Nolan	30 October, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - A field study of migration and adversity	The migratory journeys of birds can reflect the same complexity of issues that trigger and affect human displacement.	Derek Robertson	6 August, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - Animal and human health in the Sahrawi refugee camps	Health challenges in the Sahrawi refugee camps in the Algerian desert are faced by both human and animal populations, and therefore responses must function for the benefit of both.	Giorgia Angeloni, Jennifer Carr	6 August, 2018
FMR 58 - From the editors	In our main feature, authors explore the complex interactions of the constraints and opportunities involved, drawing on case-studies from around the world and highlighting the roles of new actors, new technologies and new-or renewed-approaches.	Marion Couldrey, Jenny Peebles	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Refugees’ right to work and access to labour markets: constraints, challenges and ways forward	Host countries need to assess the potential for opening their labour markets to refugees, and enhancing access to decent work.	Roger Zetter, Heloise Ruaudel	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Supporting recently resettled refugees in the UK	Organisations supporting recently resettled refugees to find employment should focus on providing them with the tools to navigate the employment market in a sustainable way that leads to their personal development.	Marwa Belghazi	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Integrating refugees into the Turkish labour market	The granting to Syrian refugees in Turkey of the right to access formal work was a first step towards their economic integration but a number of challenges remain.	Ximena V Del Carpio, Sirma Demir Seker, Ahmet Levent Yener	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - From refugee to employee: work integration in rural Denmark	The launch of Red Cross Denmark’s Fast Track programme, which focuses on early refugee employment, offers an opportunity to explore the relationship between local employment of refugees and the sustainability of rural life.	Martin Ledstrup, Marie Larsen	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Integrating refugee doctors into host health-care systems	Refugee doctors face a number of barriers to practising medicine, despite the significant contributions that they can make.	Shahla Namak, Fatin Sahhar, Sarah Kureshi, Fadya El Rayess, Ranit Mishori	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Refugees’ engagement with host economies in Uganda	Multi-sited fieldwork in Uganda allows for an exploration of the complex patterns of engagement between refugees’ economic activities and local economies, in urban, emergency and protracted settings.	Naohiko Omata	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Refugees and host communities in the Rwandan labour market	In Rwanda, Congolese refugees have the same freedom of movement and right to work as Rwandans but the experiences and economic activities of these two populations are very different.	Özge Bilgili, Craig Loschmann	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The role of rural grocery stores in refugee reception	Our research with rural grocery store managers in Denmark suggests that the integration of asylum centres into the local social and economic life in rural areas is a key factor in successful refugee reception.	Zachary Whyte, Birgitte Romme Larsen, Mona Schaldemose	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Collaboration with criminal organisations in Colombia: an obstacle to economic recovery	Those seeking to support economic development for internally displaced people in Colombia need to understand how and why many IDPs collaborate with armed groups and criminal organisations.	Christopher M Hays	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Syrian economies: a temporary boom?	Some displaced people and their host communities have benefited economically from the consequences of conflict in Syria’s Raqqa province. Others need support – and the type of support needed will change as circumstances change.	Ahmad Al Ajlan	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Obstacles to refugees’ self-reliance in Germany	The majority of Germany’s refugees and asylum seekers rely on government welfare and face serious obstacles to self-reliance. Integration policies must eliminate these obstacles to promote mutual long-term benefits for refugees and their new communities.	Elizabeth Ekren	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The new world of work and the need for digital empowerment	References are often made to forced migrants’ digital literacy, including use of smartphones to organise journeys and communicate once at their destinations. Other digital skills, including those relating to the workplace, are of greater relevance.	Miguel Peromingo, Willem Pieterson	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Investing in refugees: building human capital	Investing in refugees’ well-being is a global public good, and the international community should work to reduce malnutrition and increase access to education for refugees in order to help build human capital and achieve better economic outcomes for all.	Lili Mottaghi	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Towards greater visibility and recruitment of skilled refugees	Showcasing refugees’ skills connects refugees to global work opportunities, and also shifts narrative from one of refugees being burdens to host countries to one in which refugees are recognised as skilled workers for whom countries should be competing.	Leah Nichles, Sayre Nyce	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Validating highly educated refugees’ qualifications	Qualification certificates play a central role in the labour market integration of highly educated refugees but validating them presents considerable challenges. Sweden and Norway have introduced some positive developments to address such difficulties.	Katarina Mozetič	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Refugee livelihoods: new actors, new models	The international community is increasingly emphasising the need to bridge the humanitarian–development gap. But what does this mean on the ground in terms of refugees’ livelihoods and economic inclusion?	Ziad Ayoubi, Regina Saavedra	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The macro-economic impacts of Syrian refugee aid	A new study on the effects of humanitarian assistance in response to the Syria crisis finds significant positive impacts for regional economic growth and job creation.	Tobias Schillings	10 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Quality of work for Syrian refugees in Jordan	Work permits have been at the centre of the policy debate on the hosting of Syrian refugees in Jordan. This approach needs also to involve ensuring decent working conditions for all.	Maha Kattaa, Meredith Byrne	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The gig economy in complex refugee situations	Research with Syrian women refugees in Jordan suggests that, despite significant challenges, the gig economy has some potential to help refugees participate in host communities and to bolster their economic participation.	Abigail Hunt, Emma Samman, Dina Mansour-Ille, Henrieke Max	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The power of markets: lessons from Uganda	Market-based approaches in northern Uganda demonstrate the benefits of supporting local markets instead of distributing in-kind aid.	Alison Hemberger, Sasha Muench, Chelsea Purvis	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 - Livelihoods programming and its influence on secondary migration	Improving access to work, as well as livelihoods programming itself, is required if the lives and livelihoods of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia are to improve.	Richard Mallett, Jessica Hagen-Zanker, Clare Cummings, Nassim Majidi	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 - The shortcomings of employment as a durable solution	The refugee assistance regime that prevails today seems to insist that the best, or only, solution to protracted refugee situations is firmly rooted in improving access to employment.	Nora Bardelli	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Refugee-led social protection: reconceiving refugee assistance	The help and assistance that refugees offer each other is central to the lives of many displaced people. Recognising this allows support for displaced people to be reconceived in more sustaining and empowering ways.	Evan Easton-Calabria, Kate Pincock	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Refugee paralegals	Refugees in Kenya face multiple barriers to accessing their rights. The work of paralegals who are themselves refugees and who support and facilitate refugees’ access to justice offers a vital service.	Musenga Tshimankinda Christian	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Kobciye: empowering Somali refugees in Nairobi	Established by a resettled Somali refugee and now under the leadership of his children, Kobciye resource centre works to empower Somali refugees in Eastleigh, Nairobi.	Afrah Hassan	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Syrian refugee-led organisations in Berlin	Many of the approximately 50,000 Syrian refugees living in Berlin continue to depend largely on State assistance; some refugees have also created and found additional support in active, vibrant community initiatives.	Jennifer Wood, Evan Easton-Calabria, Yahya Alaous	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Refugee-led education in Indonesia	Refugee-led education initiatives in West Java, Indonesia, show how refugee communities can work with supporters to overcome service gaps faced in host countries.	Thomas Brown	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Refugee-led social protection - Lessons from LGBTIQ refugee-led community-based organisations	The work of community-based organisations led by and in support of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, intersex and queer (LGBTIQ) refugees in Nairobi, Kenya, provides important insights.	Hester K V Moore	9 July, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - Humans and animals in refugee camps	More research is needed, across disciplines, to better understand the important and varied roles that animals play in the lives of people in refugee camps.	Benjamin Thomas White	5 July, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - The role of livestock in refugee-host community relations	In South Sudan, tensions arose when refugees arrived with their livestock, disrupting the existing relationships between the local population and nomadic peoples.	Charles Hoots	5 July, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - Working equids in refugee camps	Refugee camps offer good opportunities for cooperation between humanitarian and animal welfare organisations for the benefit of displaced people and their working animals.	Patrick J Pollock	5 July, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - Sheltering animals in refugee camps	Animals play an important role in many people’s lives in displacement. Camp planners and managers need to take animals’ needs into greater account in order for displaced people to continue to benefit from this interaction.	Lara Alshawawreh	5 July, 2018
FMR 58 Humans and animals in refugee camps - Understanding risk in human–animal interactions	There needs to be better understanding not only of the importance of animals in the lives of displaced people but also of the potential risks incurred by human–animal interactions and how best to mitigate these risks.	Sara Owczarczak-Garstecka	5 July, 2018
FMR 57 - From the editors	This issue therefore focuses – as did the 2014 issue – on displacement from and within Syria.	Marion Couldrey, Jenny Peebles	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - Foreword: Syria in 2018 – in search of solutions	This important issue of Forced Migration Review draws our attention to the current challenges facing displaced Syrians and the continuing search for solutions.	Noor Al Hussein	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - Protecting the dignity of displaced Syrians	What does dignity mean to Syrian refugees and practitioners? And what can humanitarian organisations do – or abstain from doing – to help Syrians preserve and protect their dignity?	Kholoud Mansour	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - One camp, three refugee groups: challenges for local NGOs	Local non-governmental organisations in Lebanon's Bourj al-Barajneh camp face challenges in responding to the complex needs of three different refugee groups.	Olfat Mahmoud, Rebecca Roberts	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - Refugee-led humanitarianism in Lebanon's Shatila camp	Refugee-led humanitarian initiatives by 'established' Palestinian refugees in response to the arrival of 'new' displaced Syrians to Shatila camp raise key questions.	Hind Sharif	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - The role of municipalities in ensuring stability	Responses to crises in Lebanon's Beka'a region in 2017 show that refugee-hosting municipalities can be a pillar of peaceful coexistence and must be supported.	Josep Zapater	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - Competing security and humanitarian imperatives in the Berm	Approximately 60,000 Syrians are trapped in 'the Berm', a desolate area on the Syria-Jordan border. When security concerns are prioritised over humanitarian needs and aid agencies turn to militant groups to deliver aid, the consequences can be deplorable.	Charles Simpson	5 March, 2018
FMR 57 - Categorising Syrians in Lebanon as 'vulnerable'	Vulnerability assessments are used by humanitarian actors to identify those at greater risk of harm but their use in the response to displaced Syrians in Lebanon is problematic.	Maja Janmyr, Lama Mourad	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Rethinking the lessons from Za'atari refugee camp	Humanitarian efforts to build a model refugee camp when constructing Azraq camp in Jordan – drawing on what was supposed to have been learned in Za'atari camp – missed crucial aspects of Za'atari's governance.	Melissa N Gatter	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - The neglected health needs of older Syrian refugees in Jordan	In Jordan, the specific health needs of older Syrian refugees tend to be overlooked, due in part to a lack of data, institutional biases and the nature of the humanitarian response.	Sigrid Lupieri	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - The importance of social capital in protracted displacement	We hope to generate discussion about ways to further tailor assessments, targeting and programming in this and other situations of protracted displacement.	Ana Uzelac, Jos Meester, Markus Goransson, Willem van den Berg	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - From vulnerability to resilience: improving humanitarian response	Lessons from responses to the Syrian displacement crisis can inform broader discussions on how to build responses that better address vulnerability, support resilience and include displaced women, children and young people in all their diversity.	Emma Pearce, Boram Lee	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Syrian refugees: thinking beyond gender stereotypes	The dominant gender narratives among NGOs responding to Syrian refugees, and their subsequent interventions, are based on sometimes simplistic understandings of the ‘traditional’ Syrian household and power dynamics.	Michelle Lokot	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - How migration to Europe affects those left behind	Families are frequently separated as a result of migration and displacement from the Middle East to Europe, yet humanitarian aid is often difficult to access and insufficient to meet the needs of those left behind.	Megan Passey	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Peace education and psychosocial support for social cohesion	Evidence from psychosocial support-based peace education work with young displaced Syrians shows that addressing trauma is critical in overcoming psychological barriers to social cohesion.	Ruth Simpson	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Private sector engagement in refugee education	The involvement of the private sector in providing education for Syrian refugees has much to commend it but greater consideration needs to be paid to the ethical and practical concerns that may arise.	Zeena Zakharia, Francine Menashy	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Caring for male and LGBTI sexual violence survivors: learning from local organisations	Local organisations responding to the Syrian humanitarian crisis are at the forefront of providing care for both male and LGBTI survivors of sexual violence.	Sarah Chynoweth	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Child marriage in Jordan: breaking the cycle	In seeking to combat the growing phenomenon of child marriage among Syrian refugees, it is vital to engage the whole range of actors involved, and to recognise that girls and boys have the capacity to address this issue in their own communities.	Georgia Swan	28 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Expanding economic opportunities in protracted displacement	Welcome progress has been made towards realising commitments made by international donors and host country governments to expand economic opportunities for Syrian refugees and host communities in neighbouring countries.	Miki Takahashi, Michael Moroz, Jonathan Peters, Jason Pronyk, Richard Barltrop	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Learning from the Jordan Compact	Analysis of the implementation of the Jordan Compact offers three key lessons: governmental approval is important but not sufficient, the incorporation of critical voices is crucial, meeting numeric targets is not the same as achieving underlying goals.	Katharina Lenner, Lewis Turner	27 February, 2018
FMr 57 - Designing refugee compacts: lessons from Jordan	Analysis of progress to date under the Jordan Compact highlights a number of shortcomings that need to be addressed if the model is to be used effectively elsewhere.	Cindy Huang, Nazanin Ash, Katelyn Gough, Lauren Post	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Turkey: between hospitality and hostility	Recent political developments and changes in Turkey’s asylum law have had a significantly injurious impact on the safety and legal certainty of refugees in Turkey.	Margarite Helena Zoeteweij-Turhan	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Refugee youth, unemployment and extremism: countering the myth	Refugee youth unemployment has been linked to increased risk of extremism and/or exploitation. Research indicates, however, that unemployment is just one of many factors triggering frustration among young refugees.	Drew Mikhael, Julie Norman	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Establishing legal identity for displaced Syrians	Seven years of conflict have had a serious detrimental effect on many Syrians' ability to prove their legal identity.	Martin Clutterbuck, Laura Cunial, Paola Barsanti, Tina Gewis	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - When is return voluntary? Conditions of asylum in Lebanon	The decision of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to return to Syria must not be based on a deteriorating quality of asylum that creates physical, social and material pressures on decisions to return.	Amy Keith, Nour Shawaf	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Balancing the rights of displaced, returning and remaining populations: learning from Iraq	The return of some 3.1 million IDPs in Iraq to their places of origin is seen as a benchmark of success in the aftermath of the recent civil war. However, the situation is complex.	Nadia Siddiqui	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Property restitution in post-conflict Syria	Although restitution of property should underpin any post-conflict agreement, in Syria this will be a complex exercise. Adherence to the UN’s Pinheiro Principles will be critical.	Martin Clutterbuck	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 - Perspectives on the return of Syrian refugees	There are many reasons why discussions about the imminent return of large numbers of Syrian refugees are premature.	Leïla Vignal	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - A vision for restitution in Myanmar	People displaced in Myanmar during decades of civil conflict, as well as more recently displaced persons, need accessible legal pathways and assistance to regain access to their land and properties.	José Arraiza, Scott Leckie	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - The Gambia: a haven for refugees?	Although not usually thought of as a haven of refugee protection, the Gambia has a fairly sizeable refugee population and some sophisticated legal frameworks and protection mechanisms.	Franzisca Zanker	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - Enhancing the protection of women and girls through the Global Compact on Refugees	The consultative process involved in drafting the Global Compact on Refugees presents an ideal opportunity to ensure that gender equality is integral to this new international policy framework.	Eileen Pittaway, Linda Bartolomei	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - Italy's 'Zampa' law: increasing protection for unaccompanied children	Italy has enacted comprehensive legislation to protect the rights of unaccompanied children arriving in Italy.	Joseph Lelliott	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - Voluntary immobility: indigenous voices in the Pacific	Indigenous people of the Pacific are increasingly expressing a preference to stay on their lands for cultural and spiritual reasons, even in the face of significant deterioration in health and livelihoods associated with climate change.	Carol Farbotko	27 February, 2018
FMR 57 General - The role of civil society in Hong Kong	Local organisations can significantly assist with service provision, integration and advocacy.	Roy Njuabe	27 February, 2018
FMR 55 - Low-cost, locally available shelters in Pakistan	Flooding in 2010 affected 18 million people in Pakistan. With declining donor funds and flooding again in 2011 and 2012, the humanitarian community required low-cost solutions that could be scaled up.	Ammarah Mubarak, Saad Hafeez	18 December, 2017
FMR 35 Disabilities among refugees and conflict-affected populations	In 2007 the Women's Refugee Commission launched a major research project to assess the situation for those living with disabilities among displaced and conflict affected populations.	Rachael Reilly	12 December, 2017
FMR 56 - From the editors	The region of Latin America and the Caribbean has long demonstrated hospitality towards those fleeing conflict and persecution within the region and further afield.	Marion Couldrey, Jenny Peebles	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Foreword: Regional solidarity and commitment to protection in Latin America and the Caribbean	At a time when over 65 million people are forcibly displaced worldwide, Latin America and the Caribbean offer examples of good practices from a region which continues to uphold a long-standing commitment to protect those in need.	Filippo Grandi	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Protection gaps in Mexico	With Mexico a major destination – and transit – country for people displaced by violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America, the Mexican government needs urgently to improve its asylum systems and procedures if they are to be fit for purpose.	Andrea Villasenor, Elba Coria	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Silencing criticism in Mexico	Journalists and human rights defenders in Mexico are being attacked in an attempt to silence their criticism. Many are forced to flee or risk being assassinated. The consequences are both personal and of wider social significance.	Ximena Suárez, Daniel Zapico	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - La 72: an oasis along the migration routes in Mexico	In the face of violence, stricter migration policies and daily obstacles, those working at the La 72 shelter strive to respect people’s sense of dignity while caring for their safety.	Alejandro Olayo-Méndez	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Mexico’s Michoacán state: mixed migration flows and transnational links	Against a backdrop of unremitting violence in Mexico, traditional migration patterns in the North American corridor are being reconfigured.	Xóchitl Bada, Andreas E Feldmann	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Criminal violence in Honduras as a driver of displacement	The impact of violence is felt daily in the Northern Triangle of Central America and is a major driver of displacement, yet its very nature obstructs identification of and access to those in need of protection.	Suzanna Nelson-Pollard	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Factors influencing decision making by people fleeing Central America	Interviews with people who have fled violence in Central America reveal the influences behind their decision making prior to and during flight.	Vickie Knox	31 October, 2017
FMR 56 - Central American refugees: protected or put at risk by communication technologies?	In a world that is more interconnected than ever, many refugees cannot obtain information or communicate when they most need to. Paradoxically, carrying a phone or connecting to the internet can put them at risk if they do not take security measures.	Guillermo Barros	31 October, 2017